Caspian Sea, 30, 39, 49, 71 Cassini, J. and D., 95, 104 Catalan map, 50 Catalonians, 49 Cavendish, Sir Thomas, 67 Ceylon, 31, 50, 57 Chad, Lake, 109 Challenger, 130, 143 Champlain, Samuel, 67 Chancellor, Richard, 79 Charcot, J. B., 132 Chelyuskin, Lieut. T., 80 Chile, 66 China, 3, 30, 34, 43, 44, 71, 117 Chorography, 104 Chronometer, 97 Chrysoloras, Emanuel, 54 Cintra, Pedro de, 52 Clapperton, H., 109 Clarke, Capt., 122 Cluverius, Philip, 105 Coats Land, 132, 133 Cochin-China, 72 Columbus, Christopher, 56, 59 Compass, 48 Condamine, Charles de la, 96 Congo Free State, 113 ---- River, 53, 103, 113, 114 Cook Archipelago, 88 Cook, Captain James, 78, 87, 103, 122 Coppermine River, 78 Cordova, Hernandez de, 64 Cortereal, Gaspar, 75 Cortez, 65 Covilhão, Pedro de, 53 Crates of Mallus, 23 Crete, 4, 18 Cross-staff, 91 Crozet Is., 86 Cruquius, M. S., 101 Crusades, 42, 48 Cuba, 61 Cunningham, 119 Cyrus, 17 Dahna, 117 d’Ailly, Cardinal, 56 Dampier, William, 85 Danes, 125, 127 Danfrie, 93 D’Anville, J. B. B., 103, 108 Darling, River, 119 Darwin, Charles, 146 ----, Sir George, 139 David, T. W, E., 132 Davis, Edward, 84 ----, John, 70, 77 ---- Strait, 77 Deasy, Capt. H. H. P., 116 Debes, 137 Delisle, 9, 103 De Long, 127 Democritus of Abdera, 17 d’Entrecasteaux, 89 Desbarres, J. F. W., 103 Desideri, Fra, 72 Dezhnev, Simon, 80 Diaz, Bartolomeu, 53, 82 Dicæarchus of Messana, 20 Dicuil, 36 Digges, Leonard, 93 Diopler, 90 Dominica, 61 Donis. _See_ Germanus Doughty, Charles, 117 Drake, Sir Francis, 66, 84 Drygalski, E. von, 132 Dufour, Gen. H., 135 Dupain-Triel, 101 Duperrey, Louis, 89 D’Urville, Dumont, 89, 129 Dutch East India Co., 69 Earth, figure of, 19, 22, 34, 36, 43, 81, 90, 94, 104 Easter Island, 84 East India Co., 70, 115 ---- Indies, 68 Egypt, 3, 7 Elephantine, 16 Emin Pasha, 113 Enderby Bros., 129 ---- Land, 129 Ephemerides, 97 Ephorus of Cyme, 18 Equator, 21, 62 Eratosthenes, 22 Erebus, Mt., 130, 131 Eric the Red, 75 Erichsen, L. Mylius, 127 Ericsson, Leif, 75 Eskimo, 2 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 19 ---- of Cyzicus, 24 Europe, 9, 13, 14, 27, 39 Europus, 10 Everest, Sir George, 135 Eyre, 120 Faeröe Islands, 37 Fernandez, John, 52 Fernel, Jean, 93 Filchner, Lieut., 133 Firmianus, Lactantius, 34 Flinders, Matthew, 117 Florida, 64, 66 Forbes, Edward, 143 Forel, F. A., 141 Forrest, Sir J., 121 Fortunate Isles, 27 Franklin, J., 122, 123 Franz Josef Land, 125, 127 Freycinet, J. C. D. de, 89 Freyre, Fra, 72 Frisius, Gemma, 97, 104 Frisland, 76 Frobisher, Martin, 76 ---- Strait, 77 Gaetano, 88 Gama, Vasco da, 68 Gambia, River, 108 Ganges, River, 115 Gastaldi, 103 Geodesy, 138