America. _See_ North America, South America Amundsen, Capt Roald, 127, 133 Amur, River, 72 Anaximander, 9 Anaximenes, 9 Andrada, Antonio, 72 Andree, 137 Angelus, Jacobus, 54 Angola, 53 Antarctic regions, 81, 128–134 Antilles, 61 Antillia, 56, 58 Antipodes, 23, 36 Antœci, 23 Antonine Itinerary, 26 Apianus, Peter, 97, 99, 104 Arabia, 13, 73, 117 Arabs, 39 Arctic regions, 44, 74, 122 Aristagoras, 9 Aristotle, 19 Arkansas, 69 Arrowsmith, Aaron, 104 Asia, 9, 13, 20, 27, 39, 42, 71, 72 Asia Minor, 7, 8, 71 Astrolabe, 90 Atlantis, 18, 56 Australia, 69, 83, 85, 87, 89, 117–21 Avila, Gil Gonçalez de, 64 Azores, 50, 52 Azov, Sea of, 14, 30 Babbage, 120 Babylonia, 3 Bäcklund, O., 138 Bacon, Roger, 43 Baeyer, 77, 136 Baffin Bay, 123 ---- Land, 77 ----, William, 77, 123 Bahr-el-Ghazal, 114 Baker, Samuel, 111 Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, 64 Balleny, John, 129 Baltic Sea, 21, 30, 41 Baluchistan, 115 Barents, William, 79 Barlæus, Kaspar, 84 Barrow, Pt., 123 ----, Sir John, 122 Barth, H., 109 Bartholomew, John, 138 Bass, George, 117 ---- Strait, 117 Batavia, 87 Beatus, 39 Beaufort Sea, 128 Beaumont, Elie de, 139 Bede, the Venerable, 36 Behaim, Martin, 57 Behm, 137 Bellingshausen, Fabian von, 89, 128 Bengal, 104 Benin, Bight of, 6 Bent, J. T., 117 Berghaus, H., 137 Bering Strait, 80, 122 ----, Vitus, 80 Berlinghieri, Francesco, 55 Bertrand, M., 139 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 136 Best, Capt., 71 Bianco, Andrea, 56 Bienewitz, Philip, 102 Biogeography, 140 Biscoe Is., 129 ----, John, 129 Blache, Vidal de la, 138 Black Sea, 14, 30, 49 Blue Nile, 103 Blunt, Wilfrid, 117 Bonvalot, 116 Borchgrevink, C. E., 131 Bornu, 109 Borough, Stephen, 79 Borysthenes, River, 14 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, 85 Bouguer, Pierre, 96 Bouvet Is., 86, 131 ----, Lozier, 86 Bower, Hamilton, 116 Boyle, George, 73 Brahmaputra, River, 115 Brazil, 56, 60, 62, 66, 82 Britain, 5, 6, 21, 30, 37, 118 Brooke, J. M., 142 Bruce, James, 108 ----, W. S., 132 Brunel, Olivier, 79 Buache, P., 101 Buchanan, T. Y., 143 Burckhardt, J. L., 117 Burke, Robert, 121 Burroughs, Christopher, 71 Burrus, 101 Burton, R. F., 110, 117 Button, Sir Thomas, 77 Byron, John, 85 Cabot, John, 61, 75 ----, Sebastian, 79 Cabral, 62 Cadamosto, Aloise, 52 Cæsar, Julius, 24 Caillié, R., 109 California, Gulf of, 65 Cameron, Lovett, 113 Canada, 67 Canary Islands, 18, 27, 52 Cano, Sebastian del, 65 Canton, 69 Cão, Diogo, 53 Cape of Good Hope, 5, 53, 68 Cape Verde Islands, 52 Carpentaria, Gulf of, 70, 118 Carpenter, Nathanael, 105 Carpini, Joannes de Plano, 42 Carteret, Philip, 85 Carthage, 5 Cartier, Jacques, 66 Cartography. _See_ Map-making