one design throughout its structure.—Exhibits very few marks of incoherence or contradiction.—Chronological reckoning in the Odyssey, inaccurate in one case.—Inference erroneously drawn from hence, that the parts of the poem were originally separate.—Double start and double stream of events, ultimately brought into confluence in the Odyssey.—Skill displayed in this point by the poet.—Difficulty of imagining the Odyssey broken up into many existing poems or songs.—Structure of the Odyssey—essentially one—cannot have been pieced together out of preëxisting epics.—Analogy of the Odyssey shows that long and premeditated epical composition consists with the capacities of the early Greek mind.—Iliad—much less coherent and uniform than the Odyssey.—Incoherence prevails only in parts of the poem—manifest coherence in other parts.—Wolfian theory explains the former, but not the latter.—Theory of Welcker, Lange, and Nitzsch.—Age of the Epos preparatory to that of the Epopee.—Iliad essentially an organized poem—but the original scheme does not comprehend the whole poem.—Iliad—originally an Achillêis built upon a narrower plan, then enlarged.—Parts which constitute the primitive Achillêis exhibit a coherent sequence of events.—Disablement of Agamemnôn, Odysseus, and Diomêdês, all in the battle of the eleventh book.—The first book concentrates attention upon Achilles, and upon the distress which the Greeks are to incur in consequence of the injury done to him.—Nothing done to realize this expectation until the eighth book.—Primitive Achillêis includes books i, viii, xi to xxii.—Ninth book an unsuitable addition.—Transition from the Achillêis into the Iliad, in the beginning of the second book.—Transition from the Iliad back into the Achillêis at the end of the seventh book.—Fortification of the Grecian camp.—Zeus in the fourth book, or Iliad, different from Zeus in the first and eighth, or Achillêis.—Continuous Achillêis—from the eleventh book onward.—Supposition of an enlarged Achillêis is the most consonant to all the parts of the poem as it stands.—Question of one or many authors—difficult to decide.—Odyssey all by one author, Iliad probably not.—Difference of style in the last six books—may be explained without supposing difference of authorship.—Last two books—probably not parts of the original Achillêis.—Books ii. to vii. inclusive.—Book x.—Odyssey—probably by a different author from the Iliad—but perhaps of the same age.—Real character of the Homeric poems—essentially popular.—Addressed to unlettered minds, but touching those feelings which all men have in common.—No didactic purpose in Homer. 118-209 PART II. HISTORICAL GREECE. CHAPTER I. GENERAL GEOGRAPHY AND LIMITS OF GREECE.