Such objections, of course, would not be admissible, if there
were any positive evidence to prove the point. But in this case
they are in harmony with all the positive evidence, and are
amply sufficient, in my judgment, to countervail the presumption
arising from the old law on which Boeckh relies.
All persons in the state whose annual income amounted to less than
two hundred medimni, or drachms, were placed in the fourth class,
and they must have constituted the large majority of the community.
They were not liable to any direct taxation, and, perhaps, were not
at first even entered upon the taxable schedule, more especially as
we do not know that any taxes were actually levied upon this schedule
during the Solonian times. It is said that they were all called
thêtes, but this appellation is not well sustained, and cannot be
admitted: the fourth compartment in the descending scale was indeed
termed the thetic census, because it contained all the thêtes, and
because most of its members were of that humble description; but
it is not conceivable that a proprietor whose land yielded to him
a clear annual return of one hundred, one hundred and twenty, one
hundred and forty, or one hundred and eighty drachms, could ever have
been designated by that name.[205]
[205] See Boeckh, Staatshaushaltung der Athener, _ut suprà_.
Pollux gives an Inscription describing Anthemion son of
Diphilus,—Θητικοῦ ἀντὶ τέλους ἱππάδ᾽ ἀμειψάμενος. The word
τελεῖν does not necessarily mean _actual_ payment, but “the
being included in a class with a certain aggregate of duties and
liabilities,”—equivalent to _censeri_ (Boeckh, p. 36).
Plato, in his treatise De Legibus, admits a quadripartite census
of citizens, according to more or less of property (Legg. v,
p. 744; vi, p. 756). Compare Tittmann, Griechische Staats
Verfassungen pp. 648, 653; K. F. Hermann, Lehrbuch der Gr. Staats
Alt. § 108.
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