The same trade was carried on in antiquity with the nations on
and near Caucasus, from the seaport of Dioskurias at the eastern
extremity of the Euxine (Strabo, xi, p. 506). So little have
those tribes changed, that the Circassians now carry on much
the same trade. Dr. Clarke’s statement carries us back to the
ancient world: “The Circassians frequently sell their children
to strangers, particularly to the Persians and Turks, and their
princes supply the Turkish seraglios with the most beautiful
of the prisoners of both sexes whom they take in war. In their
commerce with the Tchernomorski Cossacks (north of the river
Kuban), the Circassians bring considerable quantities of wood,
and the delicious honey of the mountains, sewed up in goats’
hides, with the hair on the outside. These articles they exchange
for salt, a commodity found in the neighboring lakes, of a
very excellent quality. Salt is more precious than any other
kind of wealth to the Circassians, and it constitutes the most
acceptable present which can be offered to them. They weave mats
of very great beauty, which find a ready market both in Turkey
and Russia. They are also ingenious in the art of working silver
and other metals, and in the fabrication of guns, pistols, and
sabres. Some, which they offered us for sale, we suspected had
been procured in Turkey in exchange for slaves. Their bows
and arrows are made with inimitable skill, and the arrows
being tipped with iron, and otherwise exquisitely wrought, are
considered by the Cossacks and Russians as inflicting incurable
wounds.” (Clarke’s Travels, vol. i, ch. xvi, p. 378.)
[13] Theophrast. Hist. Plant. iv, 5, 2; ix, 7, 4: Pliny. H. N.
xiii, 2; xxi, 19: Strabo, vii, p. 326. Coins of Epidamnus and
Apollonia are found not only in Macedonia, but in Thrace and in
Italy: the trade of these two cities probably extended across
from sea to sea, even before the construction of the Egnatian
way; and the Inscription 2056 in the Corpus of Boeckh proclaims
the gratitude of Odêssus (Varna) in the Euxine sea towards a
citizen of Epidamnus (Barth, Corinthiorum Mercatur. Hist. p. 49;
Aristot. Mirab. Auscult. c. 104).
Nor was the intercourse between the Hellenic ports and Illyrians
inland exclusively commercial. Grecian exiles also found their way
into Illyria, and Grecian mythes became localized there, as may be
seen by the tale of Kadmus and Harmonia, from whom the chiefs of the
Illyrian Encheleis professed to trace their descent.[14]
[14] Herodot. v, 61; viii, 137: Strabo, vii, p. 326. Skylax
places the λίθοι of Kadmus and Harmonia among the Illyrian Manii,
north of the Encheleis (Diodor. xix, 53; Pausan. ix, 5, 3).
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