We are hardly authorized to conclude from the passage of
Herodotus that _all_ the sum received from the mines was about to
be distributed: the treasury was very rich, and a distribution
was about to be made,—but it does not follow that nothing was
to be left in the treasury after the distribution. Accordingly,
all calculations of the total produce of the mines, based upon
this passage of Herodotus, are uncertain. Nor is it clear
that there was any regular annual distribution, unless we are
to take the passage of Cornelius Nepos as proving it: but he
talks rather about the magistrates employing this money for
jobbing purposes,—not about a regular distribution: “Nam cum
pecunia publica quæ ex metallis redibat, largitione magistratuum
quotannis periret.” Corn. Nep. Themist. c. 2. A story is told by
Polyænus, from whomsoever he copied it,—of a sum of one hundred
talents in the treasury, which Themistoklês persuaded the people
to hand over to one hundred rich men, for the purpose of being
expended as the latter might direct, with an obligation to
reimburse the money in case the people were not satisfied with
the expenditure: these rich men employed each the sum awarded
to him in building a new ship, much to the satisfaction of the
people (Polyæn. i, 30). This story differs materially from that
of Herodotus, and we cannot venture either to blend the two
together or to rely upon Polyænus separately.
I imagine that the sum of thirty three talents, or fifty talents,
necessary for the distribution, formed part of a larger sum lying
in the treasury, arising from the mines. Themistoklês persuaded
the people to employ the _whole_ sum in ship-building, which of
course implied that the distribution was to be renounced. Whether
there had been distributions of a similar kind in former years,
as M. Boëckh affirms, is a matter on which we have no evidence.
M. Boëckh seems to me not to have kept in view the fact, which
he himself states just before, that there were two sources of
receipt into the treasury,—original purchase-money paid down, and
reserved annual rent. It is from the former source that I imagine
the large sum lying in the treasury to have been derived: the
small reserved rent probably went among the annual items of the
state-budget.
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