Docks in Peiræus—which is newly laid out as a town, by the architect Hippodamus.—Odeon, Parthenon, Propylæa. Other temples. Statues of Athênê.—Illustrious artists and architects—Pheidias, Iktînus, Kallikratês.—Effect of these creations of art and architecture upon the minds of contemporaries.—Attempt of Periklês to convene a general congress at Athens, of deputies from all the Grecian states.—Revolt of Samos from the Athenians.—Athenian armament against Samos, under Periklês, Sophoklês the tragedian, etc.—Doubtful and prolonged contest—great power of Samos—it is at last reconquered, disarmed, and dismantled.—None of the other allies of Athens, except Byzantium, revolted at the same time.—Application of the Samians to Sparta for aid against Athens—it is refused, chiefly through the Corinthians.—Government of Samos after the reconquest—doubtful whether the Athenians renewed the democracy which they had recently established.—Funeral oration pronounced by Periklês upon the Athenian citizens slain in the Samian war.—Position of the Athenian empire—relation of Athens to her subject allies—their feelings towards her generally were those of indifference and acquiescence, not of hatred.—Particular grievances complained of in the dealing of Athens with her allies.—Annual tribute—changes made in its amount. Athenian officers and inspectors throughout the empire.—Disputes and offences in and among the subject-allies, were brought for trial before the dikasteries at Athens. Productive of some disadvantages, but of preponderance of advantage to the subject-allies themselves.—Imperial Athens compared with imperial Sparta.—Numerous Athenian citizens spread over the Ægean—the allies had no redress against them, except through the Athenian dikasteries.—The dikasteries afforded protection against misconduct both of Athenian citizens and Athenian officers.—The dikasteries, defective or not, were the same tribunals under which every Athenian held his own security.—Athenian empire was affected for the worse by the circumstances of the Peloponnesian war: more violence was introduced into it by that war than had prevailed before.—The subject-allies of Athens had few practical grievances to complain of.—The Grecian world was now divided into two great systems; with a right supposed to be vested in each, of punishing its own refractory members.—Policy of Corinth, from being pacific, becomes warlike.—Disputes arise between Corinth and Korkyra—case of Epidamnus.—The Epidamnians apply for aid in their distress to Korkyra; they are refused—the Corinthians send aid to the place.—The Korkyræans attack Epidamnus—armament sent thither by Corinth.—Remonstrance of the Korkyræans with Corinth and the Peloponnesians.—Hostilities between Corinth and Korkyra—naval victory of the latter.—Large preparations made by Corinth for renewing the war.—Application of the Korkyræans