Spartan empire.—March of the Ten Thousand Greeks.—Persian kings—Xerxes—Artaxerxes Longimanus.—Darius Nothus.—Cyrus the younger in Ionia—his vigorous operations against Athens.—Youth and education of Cyrus.—His esteem for the Greeks—his hopes of the crown.—Death of Darius Nothus—succession of Artaxerxes Mnemon.—Secret preparations of Cyrus for attacking his brother.—Klearchus and other Greeks in the service of Cyrus.—Strict administration, and prudent behavior, of Cyrus.—Cyrus collects his army at Sardis.—The Ten Thousand Greeks—their position and circumstances.—Xenophon.—How Xenophon came to join the Cyreian army.—Cyrus marches from Sardis—Kolossæ—Kelænæ.—Peltæ—Keramôn-Agora, Käystru-Pedion.—Distress of Cyrus for money—Epyaxa supplies him.—Thymbrium.—Tyriæum—Review of the Greeks by Cyrus.—Ikonium—Lykaonia—Tyana.—Pass over Taurus into Kilikia.—Syennesis of Kilikia—his duplicity—he assists Cyrus with money.—Cyrus at Tarsus—mutiny of the Greeks—their refusal to go farther.—Klearchus tries to suppress the mutiny by severity—he fails.—He tries persuasion—his discourse to the soldiers.—His refusal to march farther—well received.—Deceitful manœuvres of Klearchus to bring the soldiers round to Cyrus.—The soldiers agree to accompany Cyrus farther—increase of pay.—March onward—from Tarsus to Issus.—Flight of Abrokomas—abandonment of the passes.—Gates of Kilikia and Syria.—Desertion of Xenias and Pasion—prudence of Cyrus.—Cyrus marches from the sea to Thapsakus on the Euphrates.—Partial reluctance of the army—they ford the Euphrates.—Separate manœuvre of Menon.—Abrokomas abandons the defence of the river—his double dealing.—Cyrus marches along the left bank of the Euphrates—the Desert—privations of the army.—Pylæ—Charmandê—dangerous dispute between the soldiers of Klearchus and those of Menon.—Entry into Babylonia—treason of Orontes—preparation for battle.—Discourse of Cyrus to his officers and soldiers.—Conception formed by Cyrus of Grecian superiority.—Present of Cyrus to the prophet Silanus.—Cyrus passes the undefended trench—Kunaxa—sudden appearance of the king’s army—preparation of Cyrus for battle.—Last orders of Cyrus.—Battle of Kunaxa—easy victory of the Greeks on their side.—Impetuous attack of Cyrus upon his brother—Cyrus is slain.—Flight of Ariæus and the Asiatic force of Cyrus.—Plunder of the Cyreian camp by Artaxerxes. Victorious attitude of the Greeks.—Character of Cyrus.—If Cyrus had succeeded, he would have been the most formidable enemy to Greece. 1-51 CHAPTER LXX. RETREAT OF THE TEN THOUSAND GREEKS.