Besides the army thus collected around Miletus, Cyrus found means
to keep other troops within his call, though at a distance and
unsuspected. A Lacedæmonian officer named Klearchus, of considerable
military ability and experience, presented himself as an exile at
Sardis. He appears to have been banished, (as far as we can judge
amidst contradictory statements,) for gross abuse of authority, and
extreme tyranny, as Lacedæmonian Harmost at Byzantium, and even for
having tried to maintain himself in that place after the Ephors had
formally dismissed him. The known efficiency, and restless warlike
appetite of Klearchus,[21] procured for him the confidence of Cyrus,
who gave him the large sum of ten thousand Darics, (about £7600),
which he employed in levying an army of mercenary Greeks for the
defence of the Grecian cities in the Chersonese against the Thracian
tribes in their neighborhood; thus maintaining the troops until they
were required by Cyrus. Again, Aristippus and Menon,—Thessalians
of the great family of the Aleuadæ at Larissa, who had maintained
their tie of personal hospitality with the Persian royal family
ever since the time of Xerxes, and were now in connection with
Cyrus,[22]—received from him funds to maintain a force of two
thousand mercenaries for their political purposes in Thessaly,
subject to his call whenever he should require them. Other Greeks,
too, who had probably contracted similar ties of hospitality with
Cyrus by service during the late war,—Proxenus, a Bœotian; Agias
and Sophænetus, Arcadians; Sokrates, an Achæan, etc.,—were also
empowered by him to collect mercenary soldiers. His pretended objects
were, partly the siege of Miletus; partly an ostensible expedition
against the Pisidians,—warlike and predatory mountaineers who did
much mischief from their fastnesses in the south-east of Asia Minor.
[21] Xen. Anab. i, 1, 9; ii, 6, 3. The statements here contained
do not agree with Diodor. xiv, 12; while both of them differ from
Isokrates (Orat. viii, De Pace, s. 121; Or. xii, Panath. s. 111),
and Plutarch, Artaxerxes, c. 6.
I follow partially the narrative of Diodorus, so far as to
suppose that the tyranny which he mentions was committed by
Klearchus as Harmost of Byzantium. We know that there was a
Lacedæmonian Harmost in that town, named as soon as the town was
taken, by Lysander, after the battle of Ægospotami (Xen. Hellen.
ii, 2, 2). This was towards the end of 405 B.C. We know farther,
from the Anabasis, that Kleander was Harmost there in 400 B.C.
Klearchus may have been Harmost there in 404 B.C.
[22] Xen. Anab. i, 1, 10; Herodot. vii, 6; ix, 1; Plato, Menon,
c. 1, p. 70; c. 11, p. 78 C.
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