Unfortunately the proceedings of Timoleon come before us (through
Diodorus and Plutarch) in a manner so vague and confused, that we
can rarely trace the sequence or assign the date of particular
facts.[395] But about the general circumstances, with their character
and bearing, there is no room either for mistake or doubt. That
which rhetors and sophists like Lysias had preached in their
panegyrical harangues[396]—that for which Plato sighed, in the
epistles of his old age—commending it, after Dion’s death, to the
surviving partisans of Dion, as having been the unexecuted purpose of
their departed leader—the renewal of freedom and Hellenism throughout
the island—was now made a reality under the auspices of Timoleon.
The houses, the temples, the walls, were rescued from decay; the
lands from comparative barrenness. For it was not merely his personal
reputation and achievements which constituted the main allurement to
new colonists, but also his superintending advice which regulated
their destination when they arrived. Without the least power of
constraint, or even official dignity, he was consulted as a sort
of general Œkist or Patron-Founder, by the affectionate regard of
the settlers in every part of Sicily. The distribution or sale of
lands, the modification required in existing laws and customs, the
new political constitutions, etc., were all submitted to his review.
No settlement gave satisfaction, except such as he had pronounced or
approved; none which he had approved was contested.[397]
[395] Eight years elapsed from the time when Timoleon departed
with his expedition from Corinth to the time of his death; from
345-344 B. C. to 337-336 B. C. (Diodorus, xvi. 90; Plutarch,
Timoleon, c. 37).
The battle of the Krimêsus is assigned by Diodorus to 340 B. C.
But as to the other military achievements of Timoleon in Sicily,
Diodorus and Plutarch are neither precise, nor in accordance with
each other.
[396] Plutarch, Timoleon, c. 37. μόνος, ἐφ᾽ ἃς οἱ σοφισταὶ διὰ
τῶν λόγων τῶν πανηγυρικῶν ἀεὶ παρεκάλουν πράξεις τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ἐν
αὐταῖς ἀριστεύσας, etc.
[397] Plutarch, Timoleon, c. 35. Οἷς οὐ μόνον ἀσφάλειαν ἐκ
πολέμου τοσούτου καὶ γαλήνην ἱδρυομένοις παρεῖχεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τἄλλα
παρασκευάσας καὶ συμπροθυμηθεὶς ὥσπερ οἰκιστὴς ἠγαπᾶτο. Καὶ τῶν
ἄλλων δὲ διακειμένων ὁμοίως πρὸς αὐτὸν, οὐ πολέμου τις λύσις, οὐ
νόμων θέσις, οὐ χώρας κατοικισμὸς, οὐ πολιτείας διάταξις, ἐδόκει
καλῶς ἔχειν, ἧς ἐκεῖνος μὴ προσάψαιτο μηδὲ κατακοσμήσειεν, ὥσπερ
ἔργῳ συντελουμένῳ δημιουργὸς ἐπιθείς τινα χάριν θεοφιλῆ καὶ
πρέπουσαν.
Compare Cornelius Nepos, Timoleon, c. 3.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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