TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE * Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_. * Small caps are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS. * Letter spaced Greek text is enclosed in tildes as in ~καὶ τὰ λοιπά~. * Footnotes have been renumbered. Each footnote is placed at the end of the paragraph that includes its anchor. * Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected, after comparison with a later edition of this work. Greek text has also been corrected after checking with this later edition and with Perseus, when the reference was found. * Original spelling, have been kept, but variant spellings were made consistent when a predominant usage was found. * Nevetherless, no attempt has been made at normalizing proper names (i.e. Agrianes and Agriânes, Onchestus and Onchêstus, Megalêpolis and Megalê-Polis, Mantinea and Mantineia, Crête and Krête, Phenicians and Phœnicians, etc.). The author established at the beginning of the first volume of this work some rules of transcription for proper names, but neither he nor his publisher follow them consistently. * In the Table of Contents, some page numbers have been emended so that they refer to the actual pages where chapters begin and end. HISTORY OF GREECE. BY GEORGE GROTE, ESQ. VOL. XII. REPRINTED FROM THE LONDON EDITION. NEW YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 329 AND 331 PEARL STREET. 1875. [Illustration: AFRICAN TERRITORY OF CARTHAGE.] [Illustration: PLAN to illustrate the BATTLE OF ISSUS.] CONTENTS. VOL. XII. CHAPTER XCI. FIRST PERIOD OF THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT — SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF THEBES.