(1) Their close resemblance in palæography to one another and to the forged grant of Dharasena II. of Valabhi dated Saka 400; (2) That though they purport to belong to the fifth century they bear the same writer's name as the Khedá grants of the seventh century. Further Mr. Fleet (Ind. Ant. XIII. 116) pointed out: (3) That the description of Dadda I. in the Iláo and Umetá grants agrees almost literally with that of Dadda II. in the Khedá grants, and that where it differs the Khedá grants have the better readings. To these arguments Dr. Bühler has replied (Ind. Ant. XVII. 183): (1) That though there is a resemblance between these grants and that of Dharasena II., still it does not prove more than that the forger of Dharasena's grant had one of the other grants before him; (2) That, as the father's name of the writer is not given in the Khedá grants, it cannot be assumed that he was the same person as the writer of the Iláo and Umetá grants; and (3) That genuine grants sometimes show that a description written for one king is afterwards applied to another, and that good or bad readings are no test of the age of a grant. It may be admitted that Dr. Bühler has made it probable that the suspected grants and the grant of Dharasena were not all written by the same hand, and also that the coincidence in the writer's name is not of much importance in itself. But the palæographical resemblance between Dharasena's grant on the one hand and the doubtful Gurjjara grants on the other is so close that they must have been written at about the same time. As to the third point, the verbal agreement between the doubtful grants on the one hand and the Khedá grants on the other implies the existence of a continuous tradition in the record office of the dynasty from the end of the fifth till near the middle of the seventh century. But the Sankhedá grant of Nirihullaka (Ep. Ind. II. 21) shows that towards the end of the sixth century the lower Narbadá valley was occupied by jungle tribes who acknowledged the supremacy of the Kalachuris. Is it reasonable to suppose that after the first Gurjjara line was thus displaced, the restorers of the dynasty should have had any memory of the forms in which the first line drew up their grants? At any rate, if they had, they would also have retained their original seal, which, as the analogy of the Valabhi plates teaches us, would bear the founder's name. But we find that the seal of the Khedá plates bears the name "Sámanta Dadda," who can be no other than the "Sámanta Dadda" who ruled from C. 585-605 A.D. It follows that the Gurjjaras of the seventh century themselves traced back their history in Broach no further than A.D. 585. Again, it has been pointed out in the text that a passage in the description of Dadda II. (A.D. 620-650) in the Khedá grants seems to refer to his protection of the Valabhi king, so that the description must have been