written for him and not for the fifth century Dadda as Dr. Bühler's theory requires. These points coupled with Mr. Fleet's proof (Ind. Ant. XVIII. 91) that the Saka dates do not work out correctly, may perhaps be enough to show that none of these three grants can be relied upon as genuine.--(A. M. T. J.) CHAPTER XI. THE RÁSHTRAKÚTAS (A.D. 743-974.) The Ráshtrakúta connection with Gujarát lasted from Saka 665 to 894 (A.D. 743-974) that is for 231 years. The connection includes three periods: A first of sixty-five years from Saka 665 to 730 (A.D. 743-808) when the Gujarát ruler was dependent on the main Dakhan Ráshtrakúta: a second of eighty years between Saka 730 and 810 (A.D. 808-888) when the Gujarát family was on the whole independent: and a third of eighty-six years Saka 810 to 896 (A.D. 888-974) when the Dakhan Ráshtrakútas again exercised direct sway over Gujarát. [Their Origin.] Information regarding the origin of the Ráshtrakútas is imperfect. That the Gujarát Ráshtrakútas came from the Dakhan in Saka 665 (A.D. 743) is known. It is not known who the Dakhan Ráshtrakútas originally were or where or when they rose to prominence. Ráthod the dynastic name of certain Kanauj and Márwár Rájputs represents a later form of the word Ráshtrakúta. Again certain of the later inscriptions call the Ráshtrakútas Rattas a word which, so far as form goes, is hardly a correct Prakrit contraction of Ráshtrakúta. The Sanskritisation of tribal names is not exact. If the name Ratta was strange it might be pronounced Ratta, Ratha, or Raddi. This last form almost coincides with the modern Kánarese caste name Reddi, which, so far as information goes, would place the Ráshtrakútas among the tribes of pre-Sanskrit southern origin. [Their Name.] If Ratta is the name of the dynasty kúta or kúda may be an attribute meaning prominent. The combination Ráshtrakúta would then mean the chiefs or leaders as opposed to the rank and file of the Rattas. The bardic accounts of the origin of the Ráthods of Kanauj and Márwár vary greatly. According to a Jain account the Ráthods, whose name is fancifully derived from the raht or spine of Indra, are connected with the Yavans through an ancestor Yavanasva prince of Párlipur. The Ráthod genealogies trace their origin to Kusa son of Ráma of the Solar Race. The bards of the Solar Race hold them to be descendants of Hiranya Kasipu by a demon or daitya mother. Like the other great Rájput families the Ráthods' accounts contain no date earlier than the fifth century A.D. when (A.D. 470, S. 526) Náin Pál is said to have conquered Kanauj slaying its monarch Ajipál. [418] The Dakhan Ráshtrakútas (whose earliest known date is also about A.D. 450) call themselves of the Lunar Race and of the Yadu dynasty. Such contradictions leave only one of two origins to the tribe. They were either foreigners or southerners Bráhmanised and included under the all-embracing term Rájput.