The province includes two parts, Mainland Gujarát or Gurjjara-ráshtra and Peninsular Gujarát, the Sauráshtra of ancient, the Káthiáváda of modern history. To a total area of about 72,000 square miles Mainland Gujarát with a length from north to south of about 280 miles and a breadth from east to west varying from fifty to 150 miles contributes 45,000 square miles; and Peninsular Gujarát with a greatest length from north to south of 155 miles and from east to west of 200 miles contributes about 27,000 square miles. To a population of about 9,250,000 Mainland Gujarát contributes 6,900,000 and the Peninsula about 2,350,000. The richness of Mainland Gujarát the gift of the Sábarmati Mahi Narbada and Tápti and the goodliness of much of Sauráshtra the Goodly Land have from before the beginning of history continued to draw strangers to Gujarát both as conquerors and as refugees. By sea probably came some of the half-mythic Yádavas (B.C. 1500-500); contingents of Yavanas (B.C. 300-A.D. 100) including Greeks Baktrians Parthians and Skythians; the pursued Pársis and the pursuing Arabs (A.D. 600-800); hordes of Sanganian pirates (A.D. 900-1200); Pársi and Naváyat Musalmán refugees from Khulagu Khán's devastation of Persia (A.D. 1250-1300); Portuguese and rival Turks (A.D. 1500-1600); Arab and Persian Gulf pirates (A.D. 1600-1700); African Arab Persian and Makran soldiers of fortune (A.D. 1500-1800); Armenian Dutch and French traders (A.D. 1600-1750); and the British (A.D. 1750-1812). By land from the north have come the Skythians and Huns (B.C. 200-A.D. 500), the Gurjjaras (A.D. 400-600), the early Jádejás and Káthis (A.D. 750-900), wave on wave of Afghan Turk Moghal and other northern Musalmáns (A.D. 1000-1500), and the later Jádejás and Káthis (A.D. 1300-1500): From the north-east the prehistoric Aryans till almost modern times (A.D. 1100-1200) continued to send settlements of Northern Bráhmans; and since the thirteenth century have come Turk Afghan and Moghal Musalmáns: From the east have come the Mauryans (B.C. 300), the half-Skythian Kshatrapas (B.C. 100-A.D. 300), the Guptas (A.D. 380), the Gurjjars (A.D. 400-600), the Moghals (A.D. 1530), and the Maráthás (A.D. 1750): And from the south the Sátakarnis (A.D. 100), the Chálukyas and Ráshtrakútas (A.D. 650-950), occasional Musalmán raiders (A.D. 1400-1600), the Portuguese (A.D. 1500), the Maráthás (A.D. 1660-1760), and the British (A.D. 1780-1820).