History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
Fortunately we have in this cave an inscription containing a well-known
name. It is said to have been excavated by the wife of the
commander-in-chief of the Emperor Yadnya Sri, Sat Karni, descendant of
King Gautamiputra, in the seventh year.[189] We are not able to fix the
exact year to which this date refers; probably it was only regnal, but
it does not seem doubtful that this king reigned in the first quarter of
the 5th century, and we consequently have in this cave a fixed point on
which to base our calculations for the period about the time.
[Illustration: 82. Pillar in Yadnya Sri Cave. (From a Drawing by Mr.
Burgess.)]
Beyond this there is still another excavation, No. 17--it can hardly be
called a vihara--of very irregular shape, and covered with sculpture of
a date at least a century more modern than that of the cave last
described. Buddha is there represented in all his attitudes, standing or
sitting, accompanied by chowrie bearers, flying figures, dwarfs, &c. On
one side is a colossal recumbent figure of him attaining Nirvana, which
is a sure sign of a very modern date. Besides these, there are Dyani
Buddhas, Bodhisatwas, and all the modern pantheon of Buddhism, arranged
in most admired confusion, as in all the most modern caves. There is no
inscription, but from its sculpture and the form of its pillars we may
safely ascribe it to the last age of Buddhist art, say about the year
600 or later. The pillars approximate closely in style to those found at
Elephanta, and in the Brahmanical caves at Ellora, which from other
evidence have been assigned to dates varying from 600 to 800 years of
our era.
More has perhaps been said about the Nassick caves than their
architectural importance would seem at first sight to justify, but they
are one of the most important of the purely Buddhist groups, and they
have hardly yet been alluded to in European books. Their great merit,
however, is that they belong to one of the most important of the older
Indian dynasties, known as the Andrabrityas, Sata Karnis, or
Satavahanas. Being of purely Indian extraction, they, however, did not
coin money like the Punjab dynasties, nor their contemporaries and
rivals the Sah kings of Gujerat, who brought the art with them when they
came as conquerors from the north-west, where they had learnt the art
from the Greeks. This dynasty has, consequently, been overlooked by
numismatists and others, and can only be rehabilitated by their
inscriptions and their architectural work, on which these are found
inscribed.
AJUNTA VIHARAS.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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