History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The principal object here, as elsewhere, is a cell lighted only from the
door, containing a cross-legged seated figure of the saint to whom the
temple is dedicated, in this instance Parswanatha. The cell, as in all
other examples, terminates upwards in a sikra, or pyramidal spire-like
roof, which is common to all Hindu and Jaina temples[272] of the age in
the north of India. To this, as in almost all instances, is attached a
portico, generally of considerable extent, and in most examples
surmounted by a dome resting on eight pillars, which forms indeed the
distinguishing characteristic of the style, as well as its most
beautiful feature. In this example the portico is composed of
forty-eight free-standing pillars, which is by no means an unusual
number; and the whole is enclosed in an oblong courtyard, about 140 ft.
by 90 ft., surrounded by a double colonnade of smaller pillars, forming
porticos to a range of cells, fifty-five in number, which enclose it on
all sides, exactly as they do in Buddhist viharas. In this case,
however, each cell, instead of being the residence of a monk, is
occupied by one of those cross-legged images which belong alike to
Buddhism and Jainism, and between which so many find it difficult to
distinguish. Here they are, according to the Jaina practice, all
repetitions of the same image of Parswanatha, and over the door of each
cell, or on its jambs, are sculptured scenes from his life.
In other religions there may be a great number of separate similar
chapels attached to one building, but in no other would fifty-five be
found, as in this example, or the seventy that surround the temple of
Neminatha at Girnar (Woodcut No. 126), each containing an image of the
same saint, and all so identical as to be undistinguishable. With the
Jains it seems to be thought the most important point that the deity or
saint is honoured by the number of his images, and that each image
should be provided with a separate abode. In other examples, however, it
is only a separate niche. On some Jaina monuments the image of the
Tirthankar is repeated hundreds, it may almost be said a thousand times
over, all the images identical, and the niches arranged in rows beside
and above each other, like pigeon-holes in a dovecote.
[Illustration: 130. Temple of Vimala Sah, Mount Abu. (From a Sketch by
the Author.)]
Externally the temple is perfectly plain, and there is nothing to
indicate the magnificence within, except the spire of the cell peeping
over the plain wall, though even this is the most insignificant part of
the erection.
[Illustration: 131. Pendant in Dome of Vimala Sah Temple at Abu. (From a
Photograph.)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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