History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
The image at Kârkala, which is next--its size being 41 ft. 5 in. in
height, and weighs about 80 tons[296]--was moved certainly to the place
where it now stands, and its date luckily is engraved upon it, A.D.
1432, and it is so like that at Belgula, that there can hardly be much
difference between their ages.
The third at Yannûr is smaller, about 35 ft. high apparently,[297] but
from the style of art in which it is executed it is probably the oldest
of the three (Woodcut No. 148).
[Illustration: 148. Colossal Statue at Yannûr. (From a Photograph.)]
All these three figures belong to the Digambara sect of Jains, being
entirely naked; and all possess the peculiarity of having twigs of the
Bo-tree of Sakya Muni--the _Ficus religiosa_--twisted round their arms
and legs in a manner found nowhere else, and in having serpents at
their feet. In the Jaina cave at Badami a similar figure has two
serpents wound round its arms and legs precisely as these twigs are
here, and the Bo-tree is relegated to the background.[298] This figure,
though probably not so old as the cave in which it is found--say A.D.
600--is certainly much older than the three great monoliths, and with
other indications renders it probable that the greater prominence of the
serpent or the tree is no unfair indication of the relative age of any
two statues. In that at Yannûr, the serpents are three-headed and very
prominent beside the statue, on steles alongside the legs. At Kârkala
they are less so,[299] and at Belgula they are relegated to the base,
while the tree with its leaves is there thickly spread over the whole
figure.
BASTIS.
The principal group of the Bastis of the Jains, at present known at
least, above the Ghâts, is that at Sravana Belgula. There are there two
hills--the Indragiri, on whose summit the colossal image just described
stands, and dominates the plain. On a shoulder of the other, called
Chandragiri, stand the Bastis, fifteen in number. As might be expected
from their situation, they are all of the Dravidian style of
architecture, and are consequently built in gradually receding stories,
each of which is ornamented with small simulated cells, as was explained
above, p. 134, and will be more fully described presently. No instance
occurs among them of the curvilinear sikra or spire, which is universal
with the northern Jains, except in the instance of Ellora above alluded
to.
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