History of Indian and Eastern ArchitectureFergusson, James
History
History of Indian and Eastern Architecture
Fergusson, James
Architecture -- India; Architecture, Asian
It is not clear whether we ought to claim a wooden origin for these, as
we can for all the other objects of Buddhist architecture. Certain it
is, however, that the lâts of Asoka, with shafts averaging twelve
diameters in height, are much more like wooden posts than any forms
derived from stone architecture, and in an age when wooden pillars were
certainly employed to support the roofs of halls, it is much more likely
that the same material should be employed for the purposes to which
these stambhas were applied, than the more intractable material of
stone.
The oldest authentic examples of these lâts that we are acquainted with,
are those which King Asoka set up in the twenty-seventh year after his
consecration--the thirty-first of his reign--to bear inscriptions
conveying to his subjects the leading doctrines of the new faith he had
adopted. The rock-cut edicts of the same king are dated in his twelfth
year, and convey in a less condensed form the same information--Buddhism
without Buddha--but inculcating respect to parents and priests, kindness
and charity to all men, and, above all, tenderness towards animals.[49]
The best known of these lâts is that set up by Feroze Shah, in his
Kotila at Delhi, without, however, his being in the least aware of the
original purpose for which it was erected, or the contents of the
inscription. A fragment of a second was recently found lying on
[Illustration: 3. Lât at Allahabad.]
the ground near Hindu Rao’s house, north of Delhi.[50] Two others exist
in Tirhoot at Radhia, and Mattiah, and a fragment of another was
recognised utilised as a roller for the station roads, by an utilitarian
member of the Bengal Civil Service. The most complete, however, is that
which, in 1837, was found lying on the ground in the fort at Allahabad,
and then re-erected with a pedestal, from a design by Captain Smith.[51]
This pillar is more than usually interesting, as in addition to the
Asoka inscriptions it contains one by Samudra Gupta (A.D. 380 to 400),
detailing the glories of his reign, and the great deeds of his
ancestors.[52] It seems again to have been thrown down, and was
re-erected, as a Persian inscription tells us, by Jehangir (A.D. 1605),
to commemorate his accession. It is represented without the pedestal
(Woodcut No. 3). The shaft, it will be observed, is more than 3 ft. wide
at the base, diminishing to 2 ft. 2 in. at the summit, which in a length
of 33 ft.[53] looks more like the tapering of the stem of a tree--a
deodar pine, for instance--than anything designed in stone. Like all the
others of this class, this lât has lost its crowning ornament, which
probably was a Buddhist emblem--a wheel or the trisul ornament[54]--but
the necking still remains (Woodcut No. 4), and is almost a literal
[Illustration: 4. Assyrian honeysuckle ornament from capital of Lât, at
Allahabad.]
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