Wenzel,[23] in 1786, employed a different method. With a lance-shaped cataract knife he entered the cornea, dipped through the iris-membrane, returned to the anterior chamber, and continuing to cut made a counter-puncture on the opposite side of the cornea, following which he completed his cataract incision. This gave a semilunar flap of iris tissue which could easily be excised by scissors passed through the large corneal opening (Fig. 17). [23] Wenzel, Baron de: Traité de la Cataracte, Paris, 1786, translated by James Ware, London, 1805, ii, p. 256. [Illustration: Fig. 18.--Maunoir’s scissors.] [Illustration: Fig. 19.--V-shaped iridotomy with scissors (Maunoir).] [Illustration: Fig. 20.--Parallelogram pupil (Maunoir).] Maunoir,[24] in 1802, took up the method of Janin, with the object of improving it. He made an incision near the corneal margin, through which he introduced a pair of long, thin, angular scissors of his own design (Fig. 18), one blade of which was sharp-pointed like a lancet, and the other button-pointed like a probe. The iris-membrane was then punctured by the sharp blade at about the natural location of the pupil, and an incision executed toward the ciliary margin of the iris. Finding that this single incision did not always succeed,[25] he subsequently improved this method by making a second incision from the pupillary area toward the iris margin, in the line of the radiating iris fibers, thus making a divergent V (Fig. 19). This triangular flap was then allowed to shrink back, or if too stiff, was drawn out and excised. The resultant pupil assumed the shape either of a triangle, a parallelogram (Fig. 20), or a crescent (Fig. 21). He always made his incision parallel with the radiating fibers of the iris and across the circular fibers. [24] Maunoir, Jean Pierre: Mémoires sur l’Organisation de l’Iris, et l’Opération de la Pupille Artificielle, Paris, 1812. [25] Medico-Chir. Trans., London, 1816, vii, p. 301, and ix, p. 382. Scarpa,[15] in 1818, having abandoned his own method of iridodialysis as wholly unsatisfactory, adopted Maunoir’s procedure with enthusiasm, chiefly because he had by a friendly correspondence[24] personally encouraged Maunoir with advice and suggestion during its development. He indorsed Maunoir’s plan of a double incision when he stated his conviction that “experience has proved that in order to obtain, with the most absolute certainty, a _permanent_ artificial pupil, it is necessary to make _two_ incisions in the iris so as to form a triangular flap in the membrane, in the form of a letter V, the apex being precisely in the center of the iris and the base near the great margin.” Some have claimed that Scarpa himself originated the V-shaped incision, but he gives Maunoir full credit for its successful accomplishment, although he does suggest some additional indications for its practical application. [Illustration: Fig. 21.--Crescent pupil (Maunoir).]