_Croton_ (560), maritime colony, Bruttium; _Cotrone_. _Potentia_ (570), maritime colony, Picenum; _Porto di Potenza_, or _di Ricanati_. _Pisaurum_ (570), maritime colony, Gaulish Umbria (_Via Flaminia_); _Pesaro_. _Parma_ (571), Cispadane Gaul (_Via Æmilia_); _Parma_; Prefecture. _Mutina_ (571), Cispadane Gaul (_Via Æmilia_); _Modena_; Prefecture. _Saturnia_ (571), Etruria (centre); _Saturnia_. _Graviscæ_ (573), maritime colony, Etruria (south) (_Via Aurelia_); _San Clementino_ or _Le Saline_ (?). _Luna_ (577), Etruria (north), (_Via Aurelia_); _Luni_, near _Sarzana_. _Auximum_ (597), maritime colony, Picenum; _Osimo_. LATIN COLONIES: 488-608. _Firmum_ (490), Picenum (_Via Valeria_); _Fermo_. _Æsernia_ (491), Samnium; _Isernia_. _Brundisium_ (510), Iapygian Calabria (_Via Egnatia_); _Brindisi_. _Spoletum_ (513), Umbria (_Via Flaminia_); _Spoleto_. _Cremona_ (536), Transpadane Gaul; _Cremona_; reinforced in 560. _Placentia_ (536), Cispadane Gaul (_Via Æmilia_); _Piacenza_. _Copiæ_ (territory of Thurium) (561), Lucania. _Vibo_, or _Vibona Valentia_, called also _Hipponium_, Bruttium (565, or perhaps 515); _Bibona_. _Monte-Leone._ _Bononia_ (565), Cispadane Gaul (_Via Æmilia_); _Bologna_. _Aquileia_ (573), Transpadane Gaul; _Aquileia_. _Carteia_ (573), Spain; St. Roque, in the Bay of Gibraltar. [573] Titus Livius, XXXIX. 26. [574] Titus Livius, XLI. 19. [575] Titus Livius, XLI. 22. [576] Titus Livius, XLII. 62. [577] Titus Livius, XLI. 5. [578] Titus Livius, XLV. 21 _et seq._ [579] Titus Livius, XLV. 29. [580] Titus Livius, XLV. 26. [581] Titus Livius, XLV. 18.--“The laws given to the Macedonians by Paulus Æmilius were so wisely framed, that they seemed to have been made not for vanquished enemies, but for allies whose services it was desired to reward; and in which, after a long course of years, use, the sole reformer of laws, showed nothing defective.” (Titus Livius, XLV. 32.) [582] Polybius, XXX. 10; XXXV. 6. [583] Titus Livius, XLII. 24.--We see by the following passage in Livy that Masinissa feared the justice of the Senate as against his own interest: “If Perseus had had the advantage, and if _Carthage had been deprived of the Roman protection_, nothing would then have hindered Masinissa from conquering all Africa.” (Titus Livius, XLII. 29.) [584] Titus Livius, XLV. 13. [585] Titus Livius, XLV. 42. [586] Titus Livius, XLV. 44. [587] Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 45. [588] Titus Livius, XLI. 7. [589] Titus Livius, XLIII. 1. [590] Titus Livius, XXXIX. 3. [591] “It was commonly said that the masters of the Spanish provinces themselves opposed the prosecution of noble and powerful persons.” (Titus Livius, XLIII. 2.) [592] Valerius Maximus, VI. ix. 10. [593] Montesquieu, _Grandeur et Décadence des Romains_, ix. 66.