Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 11688-h.htm or 11688-h.zip: (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/6/8/11688/11688-h/11688-h.htm) or (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/6/8/11688/11688-h.zip) HISTORY OF JULIUS CAESAR BY JACOB ABBOTT WITH ENGRAVINGS 1904 [Illustration: THE PIRATES AT ANCHOR.] [Illustration] PREFACE It is the object of this series of histories to present a clear, distinct, and connected narrative of the lives of those great personages who have in various ages of the world made themselves celebrated as leaders among mankind, and, by the part they have taken in the public affairs of great nations, have exerted the widest influence on the history of the human race. The end which the author has had in view is twofold: first, to communicate such information in respect to the subjects of his narratives as is important for the general reader to possess; and, secondly, to draw such moral lessons from the events described and the characters delineated as they may legitimately teach to the people of the present age. Though written in a direct and simple style, they are intended for, and addressed to, minds possessed of some considerable degree of maturity, for such minds only can fully appreciate the character and action which exhibits itself, as nearly all that is described in these volumes does, in close combination with the conduct and policy of governments, and the great events of international history. CONTENTS. Chapter I. MARIUS AND SYLLA. II. CAESAR'S EARLY YEARS. III. ADVANCEMENT TO THE CONSULSHIP. IV. THE CONQUEST OF GAUL. V. POMPEY. VI. CROSSING THE RUBICON. VII. THE BATTLE OF PHARSALIA. VIII. FLIGHT AND DEATH OF POMPEY. IX. CAESAR IN EGYPT. X. CAESAR IMPERATOR. XI. THE CONSPIRACY. XII. THE ASSASSINATION. ENGRAVINGS. THE PIRATES AT ANCHOR. MAP OF ROME. ROMAN PLEBEIANS. A ROMAN FORUM. THE LANDING IN ENGLAND. CROSSING THE RUBICON. ROMAN STANDARD-BEARERS. DEATH OF POMPEY. POMPEY'S PILLAR. CLEOPATRA'S BARGE. THE ELEPHANTS MADE TORCH-BEARERS. POMPEY'S STATUE. BURNING OF CAESAR'S BODY. [Illustration: ANCIENT ROME.] JULIUS CAESAR. CHAPTER I. MARIUS AND SYLLA. [Sidenote: Three great European nations of antiquity.] There were three great European nations in ancient days, each of which furnished history with a hero: the Greeks, the Carthaginians, and the Romans. [Sidenote: Alexander.]