X. THE CAPTIVITY 234 XI. TRIAL AND DEATH 261 ENGRAVINGS. Page PORTRAIT OF HAMPDEN _Frontispiece._ ILLUMINATED TITLE TOWER OF LONDON 1 CHARLES I. AND ARMOR BEARER 10 QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA 11 WINDSOR CASTLE 22 THE ESCURIAL 55 ST. STEPHEN'S 76 LAMBETH PALACE 133 WESTMINSTER HALL 187 STRAFFORD AND LAUD 199 THE KING'S ADHERENTS ENTERING YORK 221 THE LANDING OF THE QUEEN 228 NEWARK 236 CARISBROOKE CASTLE 254 RUINS OF CARISBROOKE CASTLE 265 [Illustration: CHARLES I. AND ARMOR BEARER.] [Illustration: QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA.] KING CHARLES I. CHAPTER I. HIS CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH. King Charles the first was born in Scotland. It may perhaps surprise the reader that an English king should be born in Scotland. The explanation is this: [Sidenote: 1600.] [Sidenote: Born in Scotland.] [Sidenote: The circumstance explained] They who have read the history of Mary Queen of Scots, will remember that it was the great end and aim of her life to unite the crowns of England and Scotland in her own family. Queen Elizabeth was then Queen of England. She lived and died unmarried. Queen Mary and a young man named Lord Darnley were the next heirs. It was uncertain which of the two had the strongest claim. To prevent a dispute, by uniting these claims, Mary made Darnley her husband. They had a son, who, after the death of his father and mother, was acknowledged to be the heir to the English throne, whenever Elizabeth's life should end. In the mean time he remained King of Scotland. His name was James. He married a princess of Denmark; and his child, who afterward was King Charles the First of England, was born before he left his native realm. [Sidenote: Princess Anne.]