Haeckel, Ernst, 146 Haldane, Lord, 143 Haldane, Miss E. S., quoted, 32 Hamilton, Sir William, 126 f., 132 Hartmann, Ed. von, 144 f. Harvey, 17 Hegel, G. F. W., 24; on Spinoza, 53, 103, 107, 110 _ff._; _Phenomenology of Mind_, 112; _Science of Logic_, _ib._; _Encyclopædia_, _ib._; _Philosophy of Law_, _ib._; _Æsthetics_, 113; _Philosophy of History_, _ib._; his didactic method, 113 _ff._; negation of supernatural religion, 116, 118, 124, 126 Hegelians, the English, 142 _ff._ Heine, 103, 116 Heracleitus, 11, 147 Herbart, J. F., 122, 144 Hobbes, Thomas, 22 _ff._, 50, 56, 68 Hooker, Richard, and the Social Contract, 29 Humanism in the nineteenth century, 124 Hume, David, 77 _ff._; character as a historian, 77; theory of causation, 81 _ff._; attitude towards theism, 84, 89; a precursor of Comte, 129; and of Mill, 133 _ff._ Huxley, T. H., 127 Huyghens on Descartes, 41 Induction, Baconian, 20 Innate ideas, 68, 95 John of Salisbury, 4 Justinian, 1 Kant, Immanuel, 85 ff.; his nebular hypothesis, 87; on synthetic and analytic judgments, 87 _ff._; on space and time, 90 _ff._; _Critique of Pure Reason_, 93 _ff._; on causation, 95 _f._; moral and religious philosophy, 97 ff., 118, 119, 132, 133, 134, 147 Kepler, 10, 17, 21 Klopstock, 101 {154} Lamarck, 139, 140 Laplace, 87 Leibniz, G. W., 57 _ff._; optimism, 59 _ff._; monadology, 62; determinism, 63; pre-established harmony, _ib._, 144 Lewes, G. H., 103, 107 Locke, John, 29, 65 _ff._; on toleration, 67; his proof of theism, 69; moral inconsistency, 69 _f._, 72, 87, 89 Lotze, R. H., 144 Lucretius, 9, 20, 22 Luther, 6 Lyell, Sir Charles, 139 Macaulay on Bacon, 16; on Hobbes, 28, 71 McTaggart, Dr. J. E., 144 Maine de Biran, 125 Malebranche, 42 _ff._, 51, 74, 89 Malthus, 137 Mansel, H. L., 127 Materialists, German, 146 Mill, J. S., 132 _ff._; _System of Logic_, 133; metaphysics, 135; theology, _ib._; ethics, 135 _f._; politics, 136; character, 137 Milne-Edwards, 140 Monadism, 11, 70 Napier, 17 Neo-Kantianism, 146 Neo-Platonism, 2 f. Newton, Isaac, 58, 59 Nicolas of Cusa, 11 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 145 _f._ Norris, John, 75 Occam, 5 Occasionalism, 42 Ostwald, 146 Pantheism, 45,50 Parmenides, 9 Pascal, 42 Plotinus, 2, 5, 12, 44 Positivism. See Comte Power, idea of, in Spinoza, 52; how connected with causation, 83 Pragmatism, 147 Proclus, 3 Pythagoreans, 9 Reality, degrees of, 57 Reid, Thomas, 85, 125 Renaissance, scientific activity of the, 17 Rousseau, 29, 119