St. Simon, 127 Schelling, F. W. J., 106 _ff._; natural philosophy, 108; _Transcendental Idealism_, 108 _f._; romanticism, 109; Absolutism, 110, 126 Schiller, F. C. S., quoted, 18 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 103, 118 _ff._; pessimism, 119; metaphysics, 119 _ff._; ethics, 121 _f._, 145 Sextus Empiricus, 67 Shaftesbury, Lord, author of the _Characteristics_, 71 Shelley, 139 Sidgwick, Henry, 135 Smith, Adam, 140 Social Contract, 26 Spencer, Herbert, 127, 137 ff.; _Social Statics_, 137; _Psychology_, 140; _Synthetic Philosophy_, 141; on religion, _ib._; formula of evolution, 142, 144 Spencer, Rev. Thomas, 137 Spinoza, 30, 45 _ff._; _Tractatus Theologico-Politicus_, 48; not a mystic, 55; ethics, 56 _f._; return to Stoicism, 56, 59, 61, 69, 87, 106, 110 Staël, Madame de, 125 Stirling, Dr. Hutchison, 143 Strauss, David, 112, 142 Taylor, Mrs., and J. S. Mill, 132 Temple, Archbishop, 102 Theism. _See_ Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Fichte, Mill _Timæus_, Plato's, 41 Toland, 71 Turgot, 129 Vaux, Clotilde de, and Comte, 132 Voltaire and optimism, 59 Vries, Simon de and Spinoza, 46 Wallace, A. R., 140 Wallace, Prof. William, 143 Whewell, William, 133 Wordsworth, 57 Wycliffe, 5 * * * * * Transcriber's note: The following changes were made: Page 38. "passed with progressive reflection": 'progress-sive' on line break in original. Page 57. "only defend on aesthetic grounds": 'grounps' in original.