For the sake of those who may complain of too much matter, I may remark that the difficulty can easily be avoided by passing over Chapters I., V. (§§ 1-3), VI., VIII., XII., XV., and XVI. Professor A.C. Armstrong, Jr., is preparing an English translation. My earnest thanks are due to Mr. Karl Niemann of Charlottenburg for his kind participation in the labor of proof-reading. R.F. ERLANGEN, June 11, 1892. * * * * * %CONTENTS.% INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION: FROM NICOLAS OF CUSA TO DESCARTES 1. Nicolas of Cusa 2. The Revival of Ancient Philosophy and the Opposition to it 3. The Italian Philosophy of Nature 4. Philosophy of the State and of Law 5. Skepticism in France 6. German Mysticism 7. The Foundation of Modern Physics 8. Philosophy in England to the Middle of the Seventeenth Century (_a_) Bacon's Predecessors (_b_) Bacon (_c_) Hobbes (_d_) Lord Herbert of Cherbury 9. Preliminary Survey PART I. %From Descartes to Kant.% CHAPTER II. DESCARTES 1. The Principles 2. Nature 3. Man CHAPTER III. THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF CARTESIANISM IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN FRANCE 1. Occasionalism: Geulincx 2. Spinoza _(a)_ Substance, Attributes, and Modes _(b)_ Anthropology; Cognition and the Passions _(c)_ Practical Philosophy 3. Pascal, Malebranche, Bayle CHAPTER IV. LOCKE _(a)_ Theory of Knowledge _(b)_ Practical Philosophy CHAPTER V. ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 1. Natural Philosophy and Psychology 2. Deism 3. Moral Philosophy 4. Theory of Knowledge _(a)_ Berkeley _(b)_ Hume _(c)_ The Scottish School CHAPTER VI. THE FRENCH ILLUMINATION 1. The Entrance of English Doctrines 2. Theoretical and Practical Sensationalism 3. Skepticism and Materialism 4. Rousseau's Conflict with the Illumination CHAPTER VII. LEIBNITZ 1. Metaphysics: the Monads, Representation, the Pre-established Harmony; the Laws of Thought and of the World 2. The Organic World 3. Man: Cognition and Volition 4. Theology and Theodicy CHAPTER VIII. THE GERMAN ILLUMINATION 1. The Contemporaries of Leibnitz 2. Christian Wolff 3. The Illumination as Scientific and as Popular Philosophy 4. The Faith Philosophy PART II. %From Kant to the Present Time.% CHAPTER IX. KANT 1. Theory of Knowledge _(a)_ The Pure Intuitions (Transcendental Aesthetic) _(b)_ The Concepts and Principles of the Pure Understanding (Transcendental Analytic) _(c)_ The Reason's Ideas of the Unconditioned (Transcendental Dialectic) 2. Theory of Ethics 3. Theory of the Beautiful and of Ends in Nature _(a)_ Aesthetic Judgment _(b)_ Teleological Judgment 4. From Kant to Fichte CHAPTER X. FICHTE 1. The Science of Knowledge _(a)_ The Problem _(b)_ The Three Principles _(c)_ The Theoretical Ego _(d)_ The Practical Ego 2. The Science of Ethics and of Right 3. Fichte's Second Period: his View of History and his Theory of Religion CHAPTER XI. SCHELLING