=3. Jacobite Rising.=--To give to such an attempt the least chance of success, three conditions were necessary. Firstly, that the rising should take place at the same time in both kingdoms; secondly, that it should be helped by _France_; and thirdly, that the prince for whom it was made should come among his people, and lead them in person. All three were wanting in this unfortunate rebellion. _James_ made no personal effort to get the crown on the death of his sister, though six weeks passed before _George_ came over from _Hanover_. During this interval James issued a manifesto from _Plombières_, August 29, 1714. In this manifesto he asserted his right to the crown, and explained that he had remained quiet while his sister lived, because he had no doubt of her good intentions towards him. A year, however, was allowed to pass before any active steps were taken. Just when the plans for the rising were all made, _Louis XIV._ of France, who was the best friend the _Chevalier_ had, died, and was succeeded by the next heir, his great-grandson, an infant. The _Duke of Orleans_, who became _Regent_, was disposed to be friendly to the Government of England; indeed his regency was one of the few times when there was any real friendliness between the two countries. By his order some ships lying at Havre, which had been fitted out for _James_, were unloaded, and the arms stored in the royal magazines. These ships were intended for the succour of the rebels in _Scotland_, where the standard was raised for _James_ by John Erskine, Earl of Mar, at the junction of the Clung and the Dee, September 6, 1715. Mar had begun life as a Whig, but had changed sides so often that he was nicknamed _"Bobbing John_." He had addressed a loyal letter to _King George_ on his accession, but as, by the change of ministry, he lost his office of _Secretary of State_ for _Scotland_ and saw no hope of getting it back again, he became an ardent _Jacobite_, and the leader of the party in Scotland. The very day before he set off to raise the _Highlands_ for _James_ he attended a levee of the _King_. Before his coming north he sent letters to the principal _Jacobites_, inviting them to a hunting-match. This meeting was attended by the _Marquesses of Huntly_ and _Tullibardine_, the eldest sons of the _Dukes of Gordon_ and _Athole_, by the _Earl of Southesk_, by _Glengarry_, the chief of the _MacDonalds_, and many others. They all swore to be true to one another, and to _Mar_, as James's general, and then returned to their several districts to raise their followers. Only sixty men gathered at the raising of the standard, but before the end of the month the northern clans had risen. James was proclaimed at _Aberdeen_, _Brechin_, and _Dundee_, and nearly all the country north of the Tay was soon in the hands of the rebels. They laid a plan for seizing _Edinburgh Castle_, but this was found out and defeated.