to rear their own, and have at all times been much given to pillaging the more fortunate _Lowlanders_, of whom they were the justly dreaded scourge. =2. The People.=--As the country is thus naturally divided into two parts distinctly opposite in character, so the people are made up of two distinct branches of the great _Aryan_ family, the _Celtic_ and the _Teutonic_. The Celts were the first comers, and were in possession when the country became historically known; that is, at the first invasion of the Romans. In later times we find three _Celtic_ peoples in North Britain; to wit, the _Picts_, the _Scots_, and the _Welsh_. The _Picts_ were those _Celts_ who dwelt north of the Firths in _Alba_ or _Alban_, as the earliest traditions call it; and if we judge from the names of places and contemporary accounts and notices, there is every reason to believe that they were more akin to the _Gaelic_ than to the _British_ branch of the Celtic race. The _Scots_, the other _Gaelic_ people, were, when we first hear of them, settled in _Ireland_, from whence at different times bands of them came over to the western coast of Britain. They were friends and allies of the _Picts_, and are early mentioned as fighting on their side against the Romans. After a time, when many more Scots had settled in Alba, their name became common to all the Celts north of the Firths, and from them the whole country was called Scotland. The Celts south of the Firths were partly Christianized and civilized by the Romans, and thus became very different from the rest. They got their name of _Welsh_ from the Teutonic tribes who came from the land between the _Elbe_ and the _Eyder_, and, settling along the eastern coast, finally took possession of a great tract of country, and called the Celts whom they displaced _Welshmen_ or foreigners. The Celts called all these new comers _Saxons_, though this was really only the name of one of the first tribes that came over; and as they gradually spread over the _Lowlands_, the word _Saxon_ came to mean simply _Lowlander_. In course of time the original proportions of these two races have been nearly reversed, so that the modern Scottish nation, though it keeps its _Celtic_ name, instead of being made up of three _Celts_ to one _Saxon_, is much more nearly three _Saxons_ to one _Celt_.