Titles of some of the poems produced in this period 366 Garçaõ--his imitation of Horace’s odes 367 His dramas in the style of Terence 372 The Abbot Paulino 375 Dona Catharina de Sousa--Her tragedy of Osmia 377 Failure of Osmia on the stage--prevalence of dramatic imitations and translations 383 Recent Portuguese poets--in particular Tolentino da Almeida 384 Araujo de Azavedo--his translations of English poems 386 CHAP. III. HISTORY OF PORTUGUESE ELOQUENCE, CRITICISM AND RHETORIC, DURING THIS PERIOD. Further decline of Portuguese eloquence 387 New cultivation of eloquence--Classical prose authors still wanting in modern Portuguese literature 390 Romantic prose--translations 391 Portuguese criticism of the eighteenth century ibid Ericeyra’s introduction to his Henriqueida 392 Garçaõ’s lectures 395 Philological and critical treatises of the Academicians--Joaquim de Foyos--Francisco Dias--Antonio das Naves, &c. 398 Compendium of rhetoric by Antonio Teixeira de Magalhaens 402 CONCLUSION. Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish literature 403 HISTORY OF _PORTUGUESE LITERATURE_. BOOK I. FROM THE END OF THE THIRTEENTH TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. RISE OF PORTUGUESE POETRY. That songs in the Portuguese language were sung on the banks of the Tagus, before any kingdom of Portugal existed cannot be doubted. Indeed even Spanish writers, who have considered the question with impartiality, do not deny that Portuguese poetry flourished at an earlier period than the Castilian; and all accounts of the first dawnings of modern civilization in Portugal denote an original poetic tendency in the national genius. That destiny, however, by which Portugal has been from an early period politically severed from the other parts of the Peninsula could alone have prevented the Portuguese poetry from being like the Galician, completely absorbed and lost in the Castilian; for the Galician and Portuguese languages and poetry, were originally, and even after the separation of Portugal from the Castiles, scarcely distinguishable from each other.[1]