State of the Theatre 341 Prospects 341 CHAPTER VII. REIGNS OF CHARLES THE FOURTH AND FERDINAND THE SEVENTH.--CONCLUSION. Charles the Fourth and Godoy 343 French Revolution 343 Index Expurgatorius 344 Affair of the Escurial 345 Abdication 345 French Invasion 345 French expelled 346 Ferdinand the Seventh 346 Effect of the Times on Letters 347 Interregnum in Culture 349 Revival of Letters 349 Prospects for the Future 350 APPENDIX, A. ORIGIN OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE. Spain and its Name 355 The Iberians in Spain 356 The Celts 357 The Celtiberians 358 The Phœnicians 358 The Carthaginians 359 The Romans 360 Their Colonies 362 Their Language 363 Their Writers 364 Christianity introduced 365 Its Effects on the Language 366 Irruption of the Northern Tribes 368 The Franks, Vandali, etc. 369 The Goths 369 Their Culture 370 Their Effect on the Language 371 The Arabs 372 Their Invasion 373 Their Effect on the Provençal 374 Their Refinement 375 The Christians and Pelayo 376 The Mozárabes 377 Their Influence 378 Their Reunion 379 The Language of the North 380 How modified 381 First written Spanish 382 Carta Puebla de Avilés 383 The Romance 384 The Spanish or Castilian 384 Materials that compose it 385 Its rapid Prevalence 386 APPENDIX, B. THE ROMANCEROS.