Their probable Architects 267 Difficulties in forming a Conclusion 269 Ignorance of Iron and of Milk 270 Unsatisfactory Explanations 271 General Conclusions 272 BOOK II DISCOVERY OF MEXICO CHAPTER I SPAIN UNDER CHARLES V.--PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY--COLONIAL POLICY--CONQUEST OF CUBA--EXPEDITIONS TO YUCATAN Condition of Spain 277 Increase of Empire 278 Cardinal Ximénes 279 Arrival of Charles the Fifth 279 Swarm of Flemings 280 Opposition of the Cortes 281 Colonial Administration 282 Spirit of Chivalry 283 Progress of Discovery 284 Advancement of Colonization 285 System of _Repartimientos_ 285 Colonial Policy 286 Discovery of Cuba 287 Its Conquest by Velasquez 288 Cordova’s Expedition to Yucatan 289 His Reception by the Natives 291 Grijalva’s Expedition 292 Civilization in Yucatan 292 Traffic with the Indians 293 His Return to Cuba 294 His cool Reception 294 Ambitious Schemes of the Governor 295 Preparations for an Expedition 296 CHAPTER II HERNANDO CORTÉS--HIS EARLY LIFE--VISITS THE NEW WORLD--HIS RESIDENCE IN CUBA--DIFFICULTIES WITH VELASQUEZ--ARMADA INTRUSTED TO CORTÉS