Cromwell, Thomas, his early life, iii. 282, 283; relations with Wolsey, 283-285; counsel to Henry about the divorce, 285; his policy, 294, 295; Lord Privy Seal, 304; Vicar-General, 306; dealings with the monasteries, 310, 311; with the clergy, 311, 312; his reign of terror, 312-315; temper, 315, 316; relations with the nobles, 321, 322; reform of religion, 333; Church policy in Ireland, 341, 342; orders removal of images, 343; dealings with Parliament, iv. 8, 9; last struggle, iii. 347-351; fall and death, 352; results of his policy, iv. 7-14 Crotoy relieved by Talbot, iii. 56 Crowland, i. 86; burnt by northmen, 104; Chronicle of, ii. 179, 180 Croys, the, iii. 122, 125 Crusades, their effect on learning, i. 282; of Richard I., 261; of Edward I., ii. 90; Henry IV.'s project of, iii. 25; Henry V.'s, 36, 38 Cuba conquered by England, vii. 307; restored to Spain, _ib._ Cudworth, Ralph, vi. 169 Culloden, battle of, vii. 230 Cumberland, William, Duke of, vii. 227, 230, 248, 251 Cumberland, Henry Clifford, first Earl of, iii. 323 Cumberland, Henry Clifford, second Earl of, iv. 162 Cumberland, George Clifford, third Earl of, iv. 353, 358 Cumbria, British kingdom of, i. 60; conquered by Ecgfrith, 87; by Eadmund, 123; granted to Malcolm, king of Scots, _ib._ Cup-thegn (butler), i. 132 "Customs" of the realm, i. 235 Customs duties, Edward I.'s, ii. 107, 164, 172, 189; granted to Edward IV. for life, 89, 152; new, imposed by James I., v. 172; granted to Charles I. for a year only, 246 Cuthbert, St., i. 74-76, 87, 88 Cuthwulf, king of the West Saxons, i. 37 Cynric, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49 Dacres, William, third Lord, iv. 162 Dacres, Leonard, iv. 269 Dægsastan, battle of, i. 60 Dalaber, Anthony, iii. 262 Dalrymple, John, Master of Stair, vii. 52, 53 Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, Lord Treasurer, vi. 282; his policy, 282-286; duped by Charles, 287; his bill for the security of the Church, 288; foreign policy, 289, 290; impeached, 299; dismissed, 300; released from the Tower, vii. 2; warns William against James II., 28; signs the invitation to William, 35; prepares for a rising, 37; raises Yorkshire, 41; his policy in the Convention of 1689, 46; Lord President, 67 Danegeld, i. 186, 207, 216, 350; ii. 104 Danelaw, the, i. 107; its struggle with Ælfred, 116, 117; subdued by Eadmund, 120; rises against Eadred, 123; final submission, _ib._, 124; Dunstan's policy towards, 137 Danes. _See_ Northmen Daniel, poet and historian, v. 4, 35 Darcy, Thomas, Lord (of Aston), iii. 323-325 Darien, colony of, vii. 89