Papacy, the, its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59; English protests against its exactions, 38, 42; its relations with the Empire, 217, 218; with France, _ib._, 224; with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303; complaints of King and Parliament against, 225; private arrangements with Edward III., 296; beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253; England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299, 300; appeals to, forbidden, 302; judicial and financial connexion with, broken, _ib._; its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306; submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89; its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100; relations with Elizabeth, 155; position and policy under Pius V., 250-253; under Gregory XIII., 306, 313 Paris rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264; threatened by Edward III., 265; Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55; welcomes Charles VII., 56; besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369; relieved by Parma, 370; rising in, viii. 83; surrenders to the Allies, 203; Peace of, vii. 307; University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290 Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44 Parish system, its introduction, i. 84 Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165; his historical collections, v. 4; Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4 Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26 Parkhurst, John, iv. 119 Parliament, its origin, ii. 156; first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61; its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64; knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151; Commons summoned to, 73; representation of boroughs in, _ib._, 120, 121, 152-154; finally constituted in 1295, 156; attempt to include the clergy in, 157; fixed at Westminster, 158; Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171; relations with the Crown, 181-183; protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225; demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187; deposes Edward II., 199; growth of its power, 201; internal developement, _ib._, 202; grouping of Estates in, 202, 203; confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205; progress under Edward III., 230-232; two Houses, 231; repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275; Edward III.'s relations with, 292; its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298; English language first used in opening, 300, 356; petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300; acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307; refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335; struggle with Richard II., 352; deposes him, iii. 1; recognizes Henry IV., 2; its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23; importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86; relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92; suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152; recognizes Henry VII., 174;