Philip Augustus, king of France, leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258; quarrels with Richard, 259, 260; plots with John, 261; struggle with Richard, 263, 264; conquers Normandy, 268, 269; conquers Aquitaine, 270; charged by the Pope to depose John, 333 Philip III., king of France, ii. 102 Philip IV., the Fair, king of France, his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160; seizes Guienne, 142; truce with Edward, 168; treaty, 170; relations with the papacy, _ib._, 217, 224; his _Royal Book_, iii. 161 Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209; relations with Pope and Emperor, 218; attacks the Agénois and occupies Cambray, 219; withdraws, 220; supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233; offers to restore Aquitaine, 235; defeated at Crécy, 237-239; fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244 Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80; king of Naples, 86; marries Mary, _ib._; person and manners, _ib._; policy in England, 89, 90; lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98; leaves England, _ib._; returns, 107; war with France, 108; policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175; hopes for her conversion, 190; compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192; urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194; sends help to the Guises, 209; delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214; turns towards Mary Stuart, 222; relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255; difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256; refuses to join the French against England, 268; his rule, 326-328; character, 328; policy, _ib._, 329; king of Portugal, 335; assembles the Armada, 344; despatches it, 356; designs on France, 369; sends troops to the Leaguers, 371; sends a second Armada, v. 60; supports Irish rising, 62 Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190 Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100; king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186 Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208 Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41 Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247 Philippines, the, conquered by England, vii. 307; restored to Spain, _ib._ Philpot, John, ii. 312 Picardy ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120; restored to France, 122 Pichegru, General, viii. 110 Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325 Picts, the, i. 30; defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32; own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88; defeat him at Nectansmere, 89 _Piers the Ploughman_, ii. 178, 269-272 Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310 Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323 Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96 Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53