Towns, English, their origin, i. 294, 295; early constitution, 296; common lands, _ib._; relation to their lords, _ib._, 297; administration of justice in, 297, 313; emancipation, 300-302; struggle of classes in, 315-318; their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352; settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11; support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69; represented in county court, 73; representatives of, summoned to Parliament, _ib._; taxation of, 152, 153; forced labour in, 257; strikes and combinations in, 267; support the House of York, iii. 76; restriction of franchise in, 99-101; Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3. _See_ Boroughs Townshend, Charles, second Viscount, Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189; resigns, 190; returns to office, 191; Secretary again under Walpole, 193; turned out, 203 Townshend, Charles, vii. 247; takes office under Pitt, 250; deserts him, 303; President of Board of Trade, 310; refuses office under Grenville, 315; accepts it again under Chatham, 341; Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3; death, 4 Townshend's _Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings_, iv. 5 Township, the Old English, i. 11 Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80 Trade, English, under Eadgar, i. 138; growth after Norman Conquest, 177; regulated by Great Charter, 352; under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122; Richard's II.'s care for, 355; increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106; Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, _ib._; growth under Richard III., iv. 282; under Henry VII., _ib._; under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77; struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58; Parliament gains control over, vii. 63; foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292; extension under Charles I., v. 281; effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177; effect of the American embargo on, 183; growth during the French war, 194; with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241; with India, vii. 232; with Spanish America, 192, 216; Board of, established, 89. _See_ Iron, Tin, Wool, Slave Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240 Trade-gilds, i. 316-318 Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173 "Trail-bastons," ii. 116 Treasurer, the, origin of his office, i. 132; right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38 Treaties, commercial, with Florence, iv. 282; with France, viii. 79 Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36; dispersed, 51; reassembles, 64; breaks up again, 65; reassembled again, 192 Tresham, Francis, v. 159 Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353 Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6 Trevisa, John of, ii. 357 Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235 Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52 Tristram, story of, i. 247; rimes of, ii. 360 Trivet's _Annals_, i. 274