Records of Civilization SOURCES AND STUDIES EDITED BY JAMES T. SHOTWELL, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN COLLABORATION WITH FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS, PH.D., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY AND THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY MUNROE SMITH, J.U.D., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF ROMAN LAW AND COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY WILLIAM R. SHEPHERD, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY GEORGE W. BOTSFORD, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY JULIUS A. BEWER, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF OLD TESTAMENT EXEGESIS IN UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY CARLTON H. HAYES, PH.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ELLERY C. STOWELL, PH.D. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HAROLD H. TRYON, M.A., B.D. INSTRUCTOR IN NEW TESTAMENT AND CHURCH HISTORY IN UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY [Illustration] New York COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1916 _All rights reserved_