The name which we have given to this History--A HISTORY OF THE INDUCTIVE SCIENCES--has the fault of seeming to exclude from the rank of Inductive Sciences those which are not included in the History; as Ethnology and Glossology, Political Economy, Psychology. This exclusion I by no means wish to imply; but I could find no other way of compendiously describing my subject, which was intended to comprehend those Sciences in which, by the observation of facts and the use of reason, systems of doctrine have been established which are universally received as truths among thoughtful men; and which may therefore be studied as examples of the manner in which truth is to be discovered. Perhaps a more exact description of the work would have been, _A History of the principal Sciences hitherto established by Induction_. I may add that I do not include in the phrase "Inductive Sciences," the branches of Pure Mathematics (Geometry, Arithmetic, Algebra, and the like), because, as I have elsewhere stated (_Phil. Ind. Sc._, book ii. c. 1), these are not _Inductive_ but _Deductive_ Sciences. They do not infer true theories from observed facts, and more general from more limited laws: but they trace the conditions of all theory, the properties of space and number; and deduce results from ideas without the aid of experience. The History of these Sciences is briefly given in Chapters 13 and 14 of the Second Book of the _Philosophy_ just referred to. I may further add that the other work to which I refer, the _Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences_, is in a great measure historical, no less than the present _History_. That work contains the history of the Sciences so far as it depends on _Ideas_; the present work contains the history so far as it depends upon _Observation_. The two works resulted simultaneously from the same examination of the principal writers on science in all ages, and may serve to supplement each other. {{53}} BOOK I. HISTORY OF THE GREEK SCHOOL PHILOSOPHY, WITH REFERENCE TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Τίς γὰρ ἀρχὰ δέξατο ναυτιλίας; Τίς δὲ κίνδυνος κρατεροῖς ἀδάμαντος δῆσεν ἄλοις; . . . . . . Ἐπεὶ δ' ἐμβόλου Κρέμασαν ἀγκύρας ὕπερθεν Χρυσέαν χείρεσσι λαβὼν φιάλαν Ἀρχὸς ἐν πρύμνᾳ πατέρ Οὐρανιδᾶν Ἐγχεικέραυνον Ζῆνα, καὶ ὠκυπόρους Κυμάτων ῥίπας, ἀνέμων τ' ἐκάλει, Ἀματά τ' εὔφρονα, καὶ Φιλίαν νόστοιο μοῖραν. PINDAR. _Pyth._ iv. 124, 349. Whence came their voyage? them what peril held With adamantine rivets firmly bound? * * * * * * But soon as on the vessel's bow The anchor was hung up, Then took the Leader on the prow In hands a golden cup, And on great Father Jove did call, And on the Winds and Waters all, Swept by the hurrying blast; And on the Nights, and Ocean Ways, And on the fair auspicious Days, And loved return at last. {{55}} BOOK I. HISTORY OF THE GREEK SCHOOL PHILOSOPHY, WITH REFERENCE TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE. CHAPTER I.