[97] [The _Shulhan Arukh_, following the arrangement of the _Turim_ (see above, p. 118, n. 1), is divided into four parts, the fourth of which, dealing with civil law, is called _Hoshen Mishpat_, "Breastplate of Judgment," with reference to Ex. xxviii. 15.] [98] [Allusion to Ps. xix. 9.] [99] See pp. 111 and 112. [100] מהר״ם [initials of _M_orenu (see p. 117, n. 1) _H_a-rab (the rabbi) _R_abbi _M_eïr.] [101] מהרש״א [initials of _M_orenu _H_a-rab _R_abbi _SH_emuel _E_(א=o)dels. Comp. the preceding note]. [102] [Literally, "Teaching Knowledge" (from Isaiah xxviii. 9), the title of the second part of the _Shulhan Arukh_. See above, p. 128, n. 1.] [103] ["Rows of Gold," allusion to the _Turim_ (see above, p. 118, n. 1), with a clever play on the similarly sounding words in Cant. i. 11.--Subsequently David Halevi extended his commentary to the other parts of the _Shulhan Arukh_.] [104] [Allusion to Mal. ii. 7.--Later Sabbatai extended his commentary to the civil section of the _Shulhan Arukh_, called _Hoshen Mishpat_ (see p. 128, n. 1).] [105] [See p. 75, n. 2.] [106] [Allusion to Gen. xxv. 27.] [107] [Allusion to Ps. i. 3.] [108] ישר מקנדיא [initials of _Y_osef _SH_elomo _R_ofe (physician)]. [109] [In his book _Ma`yan Gannim_ ("Fountain of Gardens," allusion to Cant. iv. 15), Introduction.] [110] [_Kabbalah ma`asith_, a phase of the Cabala which endeavors to influence the course of nature by Cabalistic _practices_, in other words, by performing miracles.] [111] [Initials of _A_shkenazi _R_abbi _I_saac [Luria]; he died at Safed in Palestine in 1572.] [112] [Hayyim Vital, also of Safed, died 1620.] [113] [Abbreviation of _SH_ne _L_uhoth _H_a-brith, "The Two Tables of the Covenant" (Deut. ix. 15).] [114] ["Hooks of the Pillars," allusion to Ex. xxvii. 11.] [115] [Allusion to Job xii. 22.] [116] [See above, p. 91, n. 1. There were, however, considerable differences of opinion among the various factions.] [117] [A town in the province of Lublin. Jacob became subsequently court physician of Sigismund III.; see Kraushar, _Historyja Zydów w Polsce_, ii. 268, n. 1. On his name, see Geiger's _Nachgelassene Schriften_, iii. 213.] [118] Some deny that he was a Karaite. [119] [An English translation by Moses Mocatta appeared in London in 1851 under the title "Faith Strengthened."] CHAPTER V THE AUTONOMOUS CENTER IN POLAND DURING ITS DECLINE (1648-1772) 1. ECONOMIC AND NATIONAL ANTAGONISM IN THE UKRAINA