=Constitution=, "anti-Jewish C.," passed by Polish Diet of 1538, 1 77 f adopted by Piotrkov Church Council of 1542, I 82 f Polish C. of May 3, 1791, 289 f. introduced by Napoleon into duchy of Warsaw, I 398 violated by Government of duchy, I 299 ff "Jewish C." of 1804, I 342 ff =Constitutional Democratic Party=, the (Cadets), in Russia, mistrusts Government, III 130 forms majority in First Duma, III 135 loses in Second Duma, III 142 weak in Third Duma, III 153 Jews in, III 119 Vinaver, leader of, III 134 majority of Jewish deputies belong to, III 135 =Contra-Talmudists=, name for Frankists, I 214 f =Conversion=, of Jews, to Christianity, recommended by patriarch of Constantinople and bishop of Bosporus, I 18, 20 forced upon Jews of Byzantium, I 23 forcible C. of children punished by Polish law (1264), I 47 of Jewish Messianic pilgrims in Palestine, I 210 of Jacob Frank and followers, I 217 f; deplored by Besht, I 229 carried on through military service, II 26 f, 45, 156 f feared by Jews of Vilna, II 54 f endeavors of Russians towards, stopped, II 173 f of Haskalah pioneers, II 132 of disillusioned _intelligenzia_, II 327 as result of expulsions in St. Petersburg, II 344; and Moscow, II 425; see Society of Israelitish Christians C. epidemic in Berlin, I 388 forced by Ivan the Terrible upon Jews of Vitebsk, I 154; and upon Jews of Polotzk, I 243 Russian Government aims at, I 396 ff; II 44 f, 188 of Khazars, to Judaism, I 20 attempted C. of Vladimir, I 30 of Turkish Sabbatians, to Mohammedanism, I 210 =Converts=, to Christianity, permitted by King John Casimir to return to Judaism, I 151 accuse Jews of ritual murder, I 173 f; II 73, 80 inform against Hebrew books, II 42 in city of Saratov, II 150 individual converts: Abraham Yosefovich, I 73 Berthenson, II 214 Bogrov, II 242 Brafman, II 187 ff Briskin, II 85 Chwolson, II 151, 205, 214 Efron-Litvin, III 38 Grudinski, II 80 Horvitz, II 202, 244 Kronenberg, II 178 Nyevakhovich, I 388 Peretz, I 388 Pfefferkorn, II 189 Priluker, II 335 Savitzki, II 73 Serafinovich, I 173 f See also, Judaizers =Cordova=, Caliphate of, see Caliphate =Coronation Diets=, see Diets, Coronation =Cosmopolitanism=, advocated by Jewish socialists, II 222; by Levanda, II 240; by Bogrov, II 241