=Cossacks=, name explained, I 142 origin of, I 142 ff Ukrainian C's., I 142 Zaporozhian C's., see Zaporozhians massacre Jews (1637), I 144; (1648), I 144 ff, 154, 246 exclude Jews from their country (1649), I 151 readmit Jews to their territory (1651), I 152 ally themselves with Russia (1654), I 152 ff invade Polish territories, I 154, 156, 244 ff rise against Poles and Jews, I 182 ff Jews visit territory of, despite prohibition, I 246 C's. of Little Russia plead for admission of Jews, I 250 See also Khmelnitzki =Costanda=, military governor of Moscow, inaugurates expulsion of Jews, II 401 =Council, Church C.=, see Church Council =Council of Ministers=, in duchy of Warsaw, opposes Jewish emancipation, I 299 in Russia, Nicholas I. appends resolution to report of, II 62 reports to Tzar on Jewish agricultural colonization, II 71 recommends appointment of "High Commission" on Jewish question, II 336 passes anti-Jewish laws, II 338 not consulted in expulsion from Moscow, II 402 favors grant of franchise to Jews, III 122 presided over by Witte, II 125 suggests moderate Jewish reforms to Nicholas II., II 141 =Council of State=, in Poland, discusses Jewish question, II 93 f formation of, in Russia, I 335 bars Jews from Russian Interior, I 316 condemns expulsion of Jews from White Russian villages, I 407; II 34 objects to further expulsions, II 34 f discusses right of residence outside Pale, II 35 f, 161 ff, 163 ff, 169 f recommends alleviation in military service, II 36 disagrees on expulsion from Kiev, II 36 f passes Statute of 1835, II 37 receives memoranda on Jewish question, II 38 discusses Jewish question and suggests measures (1840), II 47 ff discusses exact limits of Pale, II 70 acquits Velizh Jews of ritual murder charge, II 81 ff convicts Jews of Saratov, II 152 discusses Jewish separatism, under influence of Brafman's charges, II 190 recommends appointment of Commission of Amelioration of Jews, II 191, 193 material on Jewish question prepared for, II 336 plans of Pahlen Commission said to have been brought before, II 320 disregarded by Alexander III. in issuing "Temporary Rules," II 312, 386; in passing anti-Jewish restrictions, II 338; in passing school norm, II 349; in expulsion from Moscow, II 402 confirms exclusion of Jews from Zemstvos, II 386 members of, favor Jewish franchise, III 122 =Courland=, added to Pale, I 321 Jews settled in, I 341 new Jewish settler expelled from, II 32 Lipman Levy, Russian financial agent, native of, I 248 Mordecai Aaron Ginzburg, Hebrew writer, resident of, II 133 Nisselovich, Duma deputy for, III 153