=Cracow=, leading city of Little Poland, I 42, 110, 196 capital of Western Galicia, I 53 election diets held in, I 98 superseded as Polish capital by Warsaw, I 85 conquered by Swedes, I 154 surrendered by Shlakhta, I 155 Province of, annexed by Austria, I 297 Jewish refugees from Crusade seek shelter in, I 41 Jewish Community of, represented on Council of Four Lands, I 110 Jewish communities in Province of, destroyed, I 156 Jewish charter ratified by Casimir the Great, in, I 51 Jews of, receive charter from John Casimir, I 159 anti-Jewish riots in, I 56 f, 63 f, 75 f, 102, 161, 166 Jews of, subjected to commercial restrictions, I 74 f, 98 restrictions for Jews of, demanded by Church Synod, I 82 ghetto established in, I 64, 85 ritual murder trial in, I 164 f host trial in, I 101 f "Judaizing" tendencies in, I 79 f anti-Semitic writers in, 96 f Oleshnitzki, archbishop of, I 62 Gamrat, bishop of, I 79 Kmita, Voyevoda of, I 76 Hebrew printing-press in, I 131, 195 Delacruta, Cabalist, resident of, I 134 Horowitz, Isaiah, Cabalist, studies in, I 135 Pollak, Jacob, head of yeshibah in, I 122 Spira, Nathan, head of yeshibah in, I 135 Rabbis of: Asher, I 104 Fishel, I 105, 132 Heller, I 158 Isserles, I 123 Kaidanover, Samuel, I 200 Meir of Lublin, I 129 Meisels, II 179 Peretz, I 104 Sirkis, I 133 =Crémieux, Adolf=, president of _Alliance Israélite_, corresponds with Lilienthal, II 67 petitions Alexander II. on behalf of Jews accused of ritual murder, II 153 criticized by governor-general of Kiev, II 194 =Crimea, The=, name defined, I 13 Greeks in, I 13 f conquered by Khazars, I 19 f last refuge of Khazars, I 28 known as Khazaria, I 28 f ruled by Pechenegs and Polovtzis, I 29 conquered by Tatars, I 33 Tataric Khanate of, I 35 f, 142 Tatars of, ally themselves with Cossacks, I 143 ff Kaffa, Genoese colony in, I 33 f list of cities in, I 26 visited by Petahiah of Ratisbon, I 33 Taman peninsula, in neighborhood of, I 23 Jews in, I 14 ff, 33 ff Karaite communities in, I 35 Jews of, settle in Kiev, I 30; in Lithuania, I 35 expelled Lithuanian Jews emigrate to, I 65 Jewish State in, suggested, I 412; see Tavrida, government of =Crimean War=, stops plan of Jewish "Assortment," II 143 effect of, on Jewish situation II 149 f, 154 =Crown=, the, signifying Poland as contrasted with Lithuania, I 72, 88, 110, 113, 127, 162, 193 =Crown Rabbis= ("official," or _kazyonny_, rabbis), name explained, II 176 forced upon congregations, II 176 act as Government agents See Rabbis =Crown Schools=, see Schools