=Galicia=, divided into Eastern and Western, I 53 annexed by Austria (1772), I 187, 262 Sabbatian propaganda in, I 208, 210 f intellectual development of Jews in, contrasted with North-west, I 221 Besht, founder of Hasidism, active in, I 223 Hasidism spreads in, I 229, 274 type of Tzaddik in, I 233 rabbis of, excommunicate Hasidim, I 237 Tzaddik of Sadagora (Bukovina) attracts Hasidim from, II 121 I. B. Levinsohn associates with Maskilim of, II 125 f; contrasted with them, II 127 Haskalah carried from, to Odessa, II 133 Hebrew publications of, imitated in Vilna, II 136 Meisels, rabbi of Cracow, joins Polish patriots in, II 179 Baron Hirsch establishes schools in, II 416 Hebrew writers in, III 163; see Russia (Red), Lemberg, and Yaroslav =Galicia, Eastern=, see Russia, Red Uniat Church in, I 141 =Galilee=, Jewish colonies in, II 375 =Gamrat, Peter=, bishop of Cracow, condemns woman to death for adhering to Jewish doctrine, I 79 leads agitation against Jews, I 81 f =Ganganelli=, cardinal, later Pope Clement XIV., defends Polish Jews against ritual murder charges, I 179 f =Gania=, Cossack leader, perpetrates Jewish massacre in Niemirov, I 146 =Gans, David=, work of, copied by Halperin, Polish-Jewish chronicler, I 201 =Gaons=, heads of Babylonian Jewry, I 20 Gaon of Bagdad corresponds with early Russian rabbis, I 33 Gaon of Vilna, see Elijah of Vilna =Gapon=, Russian priest and demagogue, III 106 =Gatchina=, near St. Petersburg, secret conferences of high Russian dignitaries held at, II 244 f Jewish deputation received by Alexander III. at, II 261 =Geiger, Abraham=, quoted, I 136 corresponds with Lilienthal, II 67 =Gemara=, term explained, II 114; see Talmud =Gendarmerie=, see Police =Genoa=, commercial colony of, in Crimea, I 33 f