1. The Rise of Political Zionism 40 2. Spiritual Zionism, or Ahad-Ha´amism 48 3. Spiritual Nationalism, or National-Cultural Autonomism 51 4. The Jewish Socialistic Movement 55 5. The Revival of Jewish Letters 58 XXXIII. THE KISHINEV MASSACRE. 1. Pogroms as a Counter-Revolutionary Measure 66 2. The Organized Kishinev Butchery 69 3. Echoes of the Kishinev Tragedy 76 4. Doctor Herzl's Visit to Russia 82 XXXIV. CONTINUED POGROMS AND THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR. 1. The Pogrom at Homel and the Jewish Self-Defence 87 2. The Kishinev Massacre at the Bar of Russian Justice 90 3. The Jews in the Russo-Japanese War 94 4. The "Political Spring" 97 5. The Homel Pogrom Before the Russian Courts 101 XXXV. THE REVOLUTION OF 1905 AND THE FIGHT FOR EMANCIPATION. 1. The Jews in the Revolutionary Movement 105 2. The Struggle for Equal Rights 108 3. The "Black Hundred" and the "Patriotic" Pogroms 113 4. The Jewish Franchise 121 XXXVI. THE COUNTER-REVOLUTION AND THE OCTOBER MASSACRES. 1. The Fiendish Designs of the "Black Hundred" 124 2. The Russian St. Bartholomew Night 127 3. The Undaunted Struggle for Equal Rights 131 4. The Jewish Question Before the First Duma 135 5. The Spread of Anarchy and the Second Duma 139 XXXVII. EXTERNAL OPPRESSION AND INTERNAL CONSOLIDATION. 1. The New Alignments Within Russian Jewry 143 2. The Triumph of the "Black Hundred" 149 3. The Third, or Black, Duma 153 4. New Jewish Disabilities 156 5. The Spiritual Revival of Russian Jewry 160 RUSSIAN JEWRY SINCE 1911 164 BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 INDEX 205 CHAPTER XXXI THE ACCESSION OF NICHOLAS II. 1. CONTINUED POLICY OF OPPRESSION