=Merchants=, the, form separate estate in Russia, I 308 exempted from military service, II 20 called to military service (1874), II 200 few first-guild Jewish M's. in Pale, II 162 Jewish M. permitted temporary visit to Interior (1835), II 40 admission of, into Interior voted down by Council of State, II 35 f; discussed by Committee for Amelioration of Jews, II 161 f Jewish first-guild M's. admitted into Interior (1859), II 62, 343 attempt to exclude Jewish M's. from Interior (under Alexander III.), II 399 permitted to remain in Moscow, III 14; but restricted in rights, III 15 See Commerce =Meshcherski=, Count, editor of anti-semitic weekly _Grazhdanin_, II 380, 413 =Meshko=, see Mechislav =Mesirah= ("Informing") develops among Jews under Russian rule, I 377 discharged rabbi of Pinsk engages in, I 377 f in Novaya Ushitza, II 84 f, 121 in Mstislavl, II 85 ff =Messianism=, preached in Poland, I 204 ff superseded by Hasidism, I 222 defended by Smolenskin, II 235 "Love of Zion" viewed with suspicion by Orthodox as rival of, II 377 Messianic character of Political Zionism, III 48 =Methodius=, Slavonian missionary, engages in disputation with Jews, I 18 =Metternich=, represents Austria at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, I 399 =Mezherich= (or =Mezhirich=), Volhynia, hasidic center, I 229 f Baer of M., called "Mazhiricher Maggid," I 227, 229 f, 384, II 120 =Michinski=, =Sebastian=, Polish anti-Semitic writer, I 97 =Mickiewicz=, see Mitzkevich =Mikhailishok= (government of Vilna), residence of Abraham Lebensohn, II 134 =Mikolski=, Polish priest, favors Frankists, I 216 =Mikweh Israel=, agricultural settlement in Palestine, II 322 =Miletus= (Asia Minor), Jewish community in, I 14