=Old-Constantine= (=Staro-Constantine=), see Constantinov "=Old Testament Believers=," term of assimilated Polish Jews, II 96, 100 ff =Oleshnitzki, Zbignyev=, archbishop of Cracow, denounces Casimir IV. for protecting Jews, I 62 starts campaign against Jews, I 62 f dictates anti-Jewish "Statute" of Nyeshava, I 63 =Omsk, Territory of= (Siberia), lands in, set aside for Jewish colonists, II 71 =Oppenheim=, German-Jewish painter, stops painting ordered for Nicholas I., II 67 =Orlov= (government), "Judaizers" in, I 402 =Orlov=, Count, president of Council of State, urges punishment of Jews accused of ritual murder, II 162 =Orsha= (government of Moghilev), pogrom at, III 128 =Orshanski, Ilya= (=Elias=), Russian-Jewish writer, II 238 f =Orshanski, Dr.=, brother of former, reports interview with Ignatyev, II 284 f, 297 =Oryol= (city), Jews expelled from, II 264 anti-Semitic play produced at, III 38 f =Ostrog= (Volhynia), Jewish community of, represented on Council of Four Lands, I 110 Cossack massacre at (1648), I 149 bombarded by Russian army (1792), I 292 Jewish conference at (1798), I 324 Rabbis of: Solomon Luria (_Reshal_), I 125 Samuel Edels (_Maharsho_), I 129 David Halevi (_Taz_), I 130 Naphtali Cohen, I 204 =Ostropol=, Samson of, Cabalist and martyr, I 148 f =Ostropoler, Hershel=, "court-fool" of Tzaddik Borukh Tulchinski, I 348 =Ostrov=, at extreme end of Jewish Pale, II 70 =Ostrovski, Anton=, commander of National Guard in Warsaw, II 106 defends Jews, II 107 =Ottocar=, of Bohemia, Jewish charter of, serves as model for Boleslav of Kalish, I 45 =Otyechstvennyia Zapiski= ("Records of the Fatherland"), radical Russian magazine, records Jewish question as economic problem, II 325 quoted, II 325 =Oxman=, Jewish informer, II 84 =Padua=, Polish Jews study medicine at University of, I 105, 132 =Pahlen=, Count, chairman of "Pahlen Commission," II 336 f =Pahlen=, governor of Vilna, suggests removal of Jewish disabilities, III 93