=Ritual Murder Libel= (blood accusation), forbidden by Boleslav of Kalish (1264), I 47; by Sigismund II. (1564 and 1566), I 88; by Stephen Batory (1575), I 89 frequency of, in Poland, I 95, 172 ff, II 74, 99 General of Dominican Order in Rome warns Poles against (1664), I 165 Polish Jews appeal to pope against (1758), I 179 prohibition of, confirmed by Augustus III. (1763), I 180 supported by sect of Frankists, I 216 f forbidden in kingdom of Poland by Russian Government (1817), II 99 repeated by Abbé Chiarini in Warsaw, II 104 prejudices Peter the Great against Jews, I 247 f assumes malign aspect under Nicholas I., II 73 believed by Nicholas I., I 79, 83 affects Jewish legislation in Russia, II 79 refuted by Isaac Baer Levinsohn, II 131 commission for investigation of, appointed by Nicholas I. (1854), II 151 defended by Lutostanski, II 203 f, 244 Alexander III. gives credence to, II 203, 244 championed by _Novoye Vremya_, II 205 preached by Krushevan, III 70 cases of (in Poland): Bielsk, I 87 Cracow, I 56 f Lenchitza, I 100 f Lublin, I 96, 100 Posen, I 172 Ruzhany, I 162 ff Sandomir, I 172 ff Zaslav, I 172 Zhitomir, I 178 minor places, I 178 cases of (in Russia): Dubossary, III 71 Gordonya, II 247 f Grodno, II 73 Kiev (Beilis trial), see Beilis Kishinev, III 71 Kutais (Caucasus), II 204 Nizhni-Novgorod, II 360 f Saratov, II 150 ff Velizh, II 75 ff Vilna (Blondes trial), III 37 =Rivkes, Moses=, of Vilna, Hebrew author, I 200 =Rodichev=, Duma deputy, denounces Bialystok pogrom, II 137, 139 defends Jews, III 156 =Rodkinson=, publishes _ha-Kol_, II 223 =Rogov, Anton=, propagates "Judaizing heresy," I 402 =Roman Empire=, immigration into Western Europe proceeds from, I 13 sovereignty of, acknowledged by rulers of Crimea, I 14 f menaced by Khazars, I 20 =Rome=, nuncio Lippomano dispatched from, to Poland, I 86 general of Dominican Order in, defends Polish Jews, I 165 Ambassador of Muscovy at, I 242 =Romny=, pogrom at (October 1905), III 128 =Ronne and Simon=, quoted, I 331 =Rosenthal, Leon=, founder of Society for Diffusion of Enlightenment, II 214 =Rosenthal, N.=, leader of Vilna Maskilim, II 136 =Rosh-Pinah=, Jewish colony in Palestine, II 375 =Rosh-Yeshibah=, head of Talmudic academy, recognized by Polish Government, I 115 f position of in Jewish community, I 116 ff =Rossie=, mythical philosopher, quoted in support of blood accusation, II 73 =Rostov= (on the Don), placed outside Pale and closed to Jews, II 346 pogrom at, II 358