=Smith, Charles Emory=, United States Minister at St. Petersburg, II 395 f =Smolensk=, Polish king appoints Jewish convert _starosta_ of, I 73 visited by Jewish merchants of Poland and Lithuania, I 242 colony of White Russian Jews in, I 249 Borukh Leibov, resident of, converts captain of navy to Judaism, I 249, 251 visited by Jewish merchants of White Russia, I 315 f; but Jews barred from settling in, I 316 anti-Semitic play produced in, III 38 =Smolenskin, Perez=, editor of _ha-Shahar_, II 218, 234 Hebrew writer, II 234 ff theory of Judaism by, II 235 f joins "Love of Zion" movement, II 232 =Smorgoni or Smorgon= (government of Vilna), home of Menashe Ilyer, II 114 Jewish labor movement in, III 55 =Smyela= (government of Kiev), pogrom at (1881), II 256; (1904), III 99 =Smyrna=, Asia Minor, Sabbatai Zevi appears in, I 205 center of Sabbatian movement, I 206 =Sobieski=, king of Poland (1674-1696), protects Jews, I 165 f enlarges autonomy of Jews, I 166 rebuked by Polish diet for protection of Jews, I 167 protects Jewish tax-farmer Bezalel, I 167 upholds authority of _Waads_, I 194 =Socialism= (and Socialists), in Russia, propaganda of, in Hebrew, II 223 f rise of, among Jews, III 55 ff championed by "League of Jewish Workingmen" ("_Bund_"), III 56 combined with Zionism by _Poale Zion_, III 57, 145 represented in Russia by Social-Democrats and Social Revolutionaries, III 66, 119 Jews active in both wings of, III 67 extreme wing of, resorts to terrorism, III 66, 109 f Socialists and Zionists organize self-defence at Homel, II 87 spread of, among Jews blamed for pogroms, III 89 gains in Second Duma, III 142 losses in Third Duma, III 153 Jewish socialists refuse co-operation with other Jewish parties, III 144 socialistic factions among Jews, III 145 socialistic candidate elected in Warsaw with help of Jews, III 167 See Bund and Revolutionary Movement =Society of Israelitish Christians=, designed for conversion of Jews, I 396, II 74 Alexander I. looked to, for solution of Jewish problem, I 399 endeavors of, futile, I 400 disbandment of, recommended by Golitzin (1824), I 400 disbanded (1833), I 400 =Society for Diffusion of Enlightenment= established in St. Petersburg (1867), II 214 f branch of, established in Odessa, II 215 f accused by Brafman of forming part of World Kahal, II 316 employs J. L. Gordon as secretary, II 229 adopts resolution demanding constitution for Russia, III 111 creates new type of Jewish school, III 160 =Society for Granting Assistance to Jewish Colonists and Artisans in Syria and Palestine= legalized by Russian Government (1891), II 421 f