=Synagogue=, in Bosporus, I 15 f erection of, in Poland, requires royal permission, I 98 building of new S's., in Poland, forbidden (1720), I 171 erection of, near church in Russia, forbidden (1835), I 41 S's. in Moscow closed, II 397 Great S. of Moscow closed, I 423 ff, III 12 Jews fight for preservation of Moscow S., III 12 ff =Synhedrion=, convoked by Napoleon, I 298, 351 convocation of, viewed with suspicion by Austria and Russia, I 346 ff represented by Russian Government both as anti-Jewish and anti-Christian, I 348 influences Jews of Warsaw, I 386 fatal error of, in denying Jewish nationality, III 53 creation of, in Russia, advocated by Dyerzhavin, I 333 convocation of, in Russia suggested by Pestel, Russian revolutionary, I 412 =Synod=, the, see Church Council =Synod, Holy=, in Russia, issues circular against Napoleon, I 348 deals severely with "Judaizers," I 402 f appoints Brafman, Jewish informer, instructor of Hebrew, II 187 presided over by Pobyedonostzev, II 245; III 9 f =Syria=, emigration of Jews from, to Tauris, I 16 =Taganrog= (government of Yekaterinoslav), excluded from Pale, II 346 =Talmud=, the, studied by Khazars, I 21 study of, pursued by early Russian Jews in Germany, I 33 predominant factor in Jewish education, I 114 ff study of, stimulated by Jewish autonomy, I 121 ff reigns supreme in Russia and Poland, I 195, 221, 264, 198 ff, 380, II 51 rejected by Frankists, I 214 f burned at Kamenetz-Podolsk, I 215 importance of study of, minimized by Besht, founder of Hasidism, I 224 ff arrogance of students of, attacked by Besht's disciple, I 230 neglected by Hasidim, I 235 burning of, recommended by Polish reformers, I 282 opposed by Frank of Kreslavka, Jewish Mendelssohnian, I 331 regarded by Russian Council of State as source of Jewish suffering, II 47 accused by Uvarov of demoralizing Jews, II 51 weakening and uprooting of, aimed at by Nicholas I., II 58, 66 criticised by David Friedländer, II 90 assailed by Abbé Chiarini in Warsaw, II 104 defended by I. B. Levinsohn, II 131 injuriousness of, emphasized by Russian Commission, II 195 attacked by Lutostanski, II 204 conceived by Lilienblum as factor in Jewish reform, II 236 attacked by Gubernatorial Commissions, II 275 rejected by New Israel Sect, II 334 =Talmud Torah=, Jewish public school in Poland, I 114, 118 maintained by Waads, I 195 in Moscow, placed in Synagogue, III 13 =Talno= (government of Kiev), hasidic center, II 120 =Taman Peninsula=, Greek city-republic on, I 14 Samkers, Jewish city on, I 23 owned by Guizolfi, Italian Jew, I 36 =Tannaim=, names of, collected by Polish rabbi, I 200 =Tanyo=, philosophic work by Shneor Zalman, I 372, II 117