=Tarashkevich=, anti-Semitic priest in Velizh, II 77 =Targovitza= (_Polish_, Targowica), confederacy of, between Russians and Poles (1792), I 292 =Tarku (Semender)=, Caucasian city, subject to Khazars, I 26 =Tarnopol= (Galicia), Meir of, Hebrew author, I 201 =Tarsus= (Asia Minor), Jewish community in, I 14 =Tatars=, the, Russia under dominion of, I 29 conquer Crimea, I 33 Jews of Crimea under rule of, I 34 ff T. of Lemberg granted autonomy by Casimir the Great, I 53 barred from office and from keeping Christian domestics in Lithuania, I 87 invade Polish border provinces and combated by Cossacks, I 142 f form alliance with Cossacks under Khmelnitzki, I 144 ff, 150 spare Jewish prisoners, I 145, 157, 205 take Jews of Polonnoye captive, I 148 cause spread of Mohammedanism, I 254 =Tauri, or Taurians=, tribe, I 13 ff =Taurian Bosporus=, see Kerch =Taurian Chersonesus=, see Bosporus =Tauris=, northern shores of Black Sea, I 13 immigration of Jews into, I 13 ff Khazars move towards, I 19 bishops of, try to proselytize Khazars, I 20 remnant of Khazar kingdom in, I 28 ruled by Pechenegs and Polovtzis, I 29 retains name Khazaria, I 29 in relations with Kiev, I 33 ff =Tavrida= (region, or government), extent of, I 13 Jews permitted to settle in (1791), I 316 f Karaites settled in, I 318 included in Pale (1835), II 40, 428 pogroms in, III 115, 120, 128 Cities in: Kerch, III 115, 120 Melitopol, III 115 Simferopol, III 115, 128 Mylta, II 428 f =Tax=, under Polish régime, paid by Jews to Church, I 57 f paid by Jews to Catholic academies (called Kozubales), I 161, 166 Polish king conditions protection to Jews on payment of, I 84 collected by Jews on estates of Shlakhta, I 93 apportioned by Waads and collected by Kahals, I 107, 181, 189 f, 197 f Council of Four Lands declines responsibility for collection of, I 194 increased (1717), I 169 changed into individual T. of two gulden per head (1764), I 197 raised to three gulden per head (1775), I 267 disproportionately assessed by Kahals, I 275 Jews of Minsk complain about abuses in collection of, I 275 paid on taking possession of real estate, I 190 paid for right of sojourn in Warsaw, I 269, II 95 imposed on Jews in lieu of conscription (1817), I 95; (1831), I 107