Sufferings of the Prisoners--The Arena--Cruelty of Titus --Enmity of the Antiochians--Triumph of the Emperor on the occasion of the Conquest of Judæa--End of Simon Bar-Giora and John of Gischala--Coins to Commemorate the Roman Triumph --Fall of the last Fortresses: Herodium, Masada, and Machærus --Resistance of the Zealots in Alexandria and Cyrene--End of the Temple of Onias--The Last of the Zealots--Death of Berenice and Agrippa--Flavius Josephus and his Writings _page_ 311 70-73 C. E. CHAPTER XIII. THE SYNHEDRION AT JABNE. Foundation of the School at Jabne--Jochanan ben Zakkai --The Last of the Herodians--Judæa and Rome--The Tanaites--Gamaliel II. appointed Patriarch--The Power of Excommunication--Deposition and Restoration of the Patriarch --Steps towards Collecting the Mishna--Eliezer ben Hyrcanus --Joshua ben Chananya--Akiba and his System--Ishmael-- Condition of the Synhedrion _page_ 321 70-117 C. E. CHAPTER XIV. INNER LIFE. Inner Life of the Jews--Sphere of Action of the Synhedrion and the Patriarch--The Order of Members and Moral Condition of the Common People--Relation of Christianity towards Judaism--Sects--Jewish Christians--Pagan Christians --Ebionites--Nazarenes--The Gnostics--Regulations of the Synhedrion against Christianity--Proselytes at Rome-- Aquilas and his translation of the Bible--Berenice and Titus --Domitian--Josephus and the Romans _page_ 360 CHAPTER XV. REVOLT OF THE JEWS AGAINST TRAJAN AND HIS SUCCESSORS. Trajan and Asia--Revolt of the Jews--Hadrian--The Jewish Sibylline Books--The Attempted Rebuilding of the Temple-- The Ordinances of Usha--Bar-Cochba--Akiba's Part in the War --Bar-Cochba's Victories--Suppression of the Revolt--Siege and Fall of Bethar _page_ 393 96-138 C. E. CHAPTER XVI. CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR OF BAR-COCHBA. Turnus Rufus persecutes the Jews--The Ten Martyrs--The Book of Tobit--Relations between Judaism and Christianity--The Return of the Schools to Palestine--The Synod at Usha--Meïr --Simon ben Jochai--The Babylonian Synhedrion--Antonius Pius and Aurelius Verus--The Revolt against Rome--The Patriarchate of Simon _page_ 421 135-170 C. E. CHAPTER XVII. THE PATRIARCHATE OF JUDAH I. The Patriarch Judah I.--His Authority and Reputation-- Completion of the Mishna--The Last Generation of Tanaites --Condition of the Jews under Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Septimius Severus, and Antonius Caracalla--Character and contents of the Mishna--Death of Judah _page_ 450 175-219 C. E. CHAPTER XVIII. THE FIRST AMORAÏM.