1514 (about). _Obadyah di Bertinoro_ (1470-1520), Talmudist and preacher, improves Jerusalem. 1516. VENICE SETS APART A SPECIAL QUARTER FOR A GHETTO. 1517(about). David Ibn-Abi Zimra (1470-1573) _abolishes the Seleucidæan era_ for the Egyptian Jews. 1518(about). _Samuel Abrabanel_ (1473-1550) employed as financier by the viceroy of Naples; _Benvenida Abrabanela_. 1519(about). _Joseph ben Gershon Loans_ (Joslin of Rosheim, 1478-1554), representative and protector of the German Jews. 1520(about). _Elias Mizrachi_ (1455-1527), chief rabbi of Turkey. 1523 (about). _Elias Kapsali_ (1490-1555), historian. 1524. The Jews of Cairo threatened with destruction by Achmed Shaitan, viceroy of Egypt. João III of Portugal employs Henrique Nunes (Firme-Fé) as a spy upon the Marranos. David Reubeni in Rome under the protection of Pope Clement VII. 1529. SOLOMON MOLCHO (Diogo Pires, 1501-1532) begins his Messianic agitation. 1530(about). Portuguese Marranos burnt by order of the Bishop of Ceuta. 1531. CLEMENT VII ISSUES A BULL ESTABLISHING THE PORTUGUESE INQUISITION FOR MARRANOS. 1532. Marranos forbidden to leave Portugal. Molcho burnt by Emperor Charles V at Mantua. Clement VII stops the proceedings of the Portuguese Inquisition at the instance of Marranos. 1535. Eighteen hundred Marranos liberated from the Portuguese Inquisition in obedience to a bull of Paul III. 1535(about). Moses Hamon (1490-1565), physician to Sultan Selim I. 1536. Paul III sanctions the Portuguese Inquisition. 1538. _The ordination of rabbis (Semicha)_ re-introduced by _Jacob Berab_. 1541. Most of the Jews leave Naples, where they are threatened with social degradation. 1542. The Jews of Prague banished. Luther attacks the Jews. 1548. Portuguese Marranos again liberated on the interference of Paul III. 1550. The Jews banished from Genoa. 1552. _Samuel Usque_ finishes his “Consolations for the Sorrows of Israel.” 1553. The Talmud confiscated under Julius III in Italy. =1554.= =Joseph Karo= (1488-1575), Kabbalist and Talmudist, finishes his code, the =Shulchan Aruch=. 1555. Paul IV issues a severe bull against the Jews.